Abstracts
Résumé
Les effluents liquides des huileries d’olive (margines) produits par le processus d’extraction d’huile d’olive sont les principaux déchets nuisibles de cette industrie. La caractérisation de ces effluents suivie de l’élimination de la matière organique (demande chimique en oxygène (DCO), des polyphénols totaux, de la matière en suspension (MES) et de la couleur), de la matière minérale (phosphates et azote ammoniacal) et des métaux lourds (zinc et fer) ont été expérimentalement étudiées à l’aide de la technique d’électrocoagulation en utilisant des électrodes en aluminium. Il est constaté que l’augmentation du temps d’électrolyse et de la tension électrique améliore le traitement de façon significative. Toutefois, la consommation simultanée d’énergie et des électrodes a été observée. Les résultats de ces analyses ont montré que les margines diluées cinq fois sont des effluents à pH acides (4,2), très chargés en matière organique (20 000 mg•L‑l de Demande Chimique en Oxygène (DCO)), en sels (Conductivité Électrique (C.E) = 3,6 mS•cm‑1), en azote ammoniacal (NH4+) (32 mg•L‑1), en orthophosphates (PO43-) (22 mg•L‑1). Elles contiennent également des quantités appréciables de métaux lourds, notamment le zinc (3,69 mg•L‑1) et le fer (13,80 mg•L‑1).
L’évolution des paramètres physico-chimiques au cours du traitement par électrocoagulation montre que dans les conditions d’un temps d’électrolyse de 15 minutes et d’une tension électrique de 20 volts (correspond à 250 A•m‑2), la décoloration des margines diluées cinq fois est comprise entre 96-99 %, la réduction de la Demande Chimique en Oxygène (DCO) est d’environ 80-85 %, la réduction des polyphénols totaux est d’environ 75-80 %, l’élimination des particules colloïdales (Matière En Suspension (MES)) peut atteindre 7-8 kg•m‑3, la réduction des orthophosphates est 94-99 %, la réduction de l’ammonium est 80-85 %,la réduction du zinc est 70-75 %, la réduction du fer est 71-76 %, la masse perdue des électrodes est 0,6-0,7 kg•m‑3 et l’énergie consommée est 12‑14 kWh•m‑3. Ces niveaux opérationnels optimaux permettent d’avoir une bonne dégradation des margines.
Mots clés:
- Margine,
- caractérisation,
- électrocoagulation,
- électrodes en aluminium,
- décoloration,
- DCO,
- polyphénols
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) generated by the olive oil extraction process is the main waste product of this industry. These effluents have been characterized, followed by an experimental study of the elimination of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenolic compounds, suspended solids (SS) and colour), mineral matter (phosphate and ammonium nitrogen) and heavy metals (zinc and iron) using an electrocoagulation technique with aluminum electrodes. It was found that an increase in electrolysis time and voltage improved treatment significantly. However, a simultaneous increase in electrode and energy consumption was observed.
The results of these analyses showed that the olive mill wastewater (OMWW) effluent, diluted five times, is acidic (pH 4.2), has a very high organic matter concentration (chemical oxygen demand (COD) 20,000 g•L‑1) and is high in salts (Electric Conductivity E.C = 3.6 mS•cm‑1), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (32 mg•L‑1) and orthophosphate (PO43‑) (22 mg•L‑1). The OMWW also contains considerable amounts of heavy metals, in particular zinc (3.69 mg•L‑1) and iron (13.80 mg•L‑1).
The trend in physicochemical parameters during the electrocoagulation treatment shows that, after 15 minutes of electrolysis using an electrical voltage of 20 volts (corresponds to 250 A•m‑2), the discolouration of the OMWW, diluted five times, lay between 96-99%, the reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was approximately 80-85%, the reduction of phenolic compounds was approximately 75‑80%, the elimination of colloidal material (suspended solids) reached 7-8 kg•m‑3, the reduction of orthophosphates was 94-99% and the reduction of ammonium was 80-85%. The reduction of zinc was 70-75%, the reduction of iron was 71-76%, the electrode consumption was 0.6-0.7 kg•m‑3 and the amount of energy consumed was 12-14 kWh•m‑3. Under these optimal operational conditions, acceptable degradation of the OMWW was achieved.
Key words:
- olive mill wastewater,
- characterization,
- electrocoagulation,
- aluminium electrodes,
- chemical oxygen demand,
- discolouration,
- phenols
Appendices
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