Abstracts
Abstract
Research on the ecology, biodiversity and toxicology of cyanobacteria in Moroccan inland waters has been carried out since 1994. The results demonstrate the existence of several taxa of cyanobacteria. Most of them are toxic, bloom‑forming species present in various water bodies of the country. The present study follows upon this earlier work and spans the 2003-2006 period. The major aim was to update and supplement the existing national cyanobacteria inventory and to isolate new toxic strains. During the study period, more than 40 aquatic environments were visited and sampled.
Almost 300 taxa of cyanobacteria were recorded. They belonged to 3 orders, 14 families and 46 genera. Among these, about 78 taxa are recorded for the first time in Morocco; 29 strains of cyanobacteria were successfully isolated and cultured in the laboratory. All the collected cyanobacteria, including natural blooms, mats, and cultured strains, were analyzed for toxicity and hepatotoxins (microcystins) were quantified. Using the High-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detector (HPLC-PDA), four samples of Microcystis blooms showed the presence of microcystins (MCs), with a concentration ranging between 1.87 and 64.4 µg•g‑1 MC‑LR eq (microcystin-LR equivalents). A total of five different structural variants of MCs were detected (MC-LR, -RR, -YR, -FR, -WR). Furthermore, 3 of 29 isolates were confirmed as MCs producing strains.
The results show that the widening of the survey led to a better knowledge of the diversity of cyanobacteria. The taxonomic inventory was greatly increased and several cyanobacteria strains were characterized for their toxicity. The results should be useful as a database for the identification of various aquatic environments contaminated by cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins), which represent a potent sanitary risk for human and animals.
Key words:
- Cyanobacteria,
- taxonomy,
- microcystins,
- blooms,
- isolates,
- inland waters,
- Morocco
Résume
Au Maroc, les recherches sur l’écologie, la biodiversité et la toxicologie des cyanobactéries des eaux continentales ont été entamées à partir de 1994. Les résultats obtenus ont montré l’existence de plusieurs taxons de cyanobactéries, dont certains sont responsables de la formation de blooms toxiques. Faisant suite aux précédents travaux, la présente étude, réalisée lors de la période 2003-2006, où plus de 40 milieux aquatiques ont été prospectés, a pour objectif de compléter et d’actualiser l’inventaire national des cyanobactéries d’eau douce du Maroc et d’isoler de nouvelles souches toxiques.
Plus de 300 taxons de cyanobactéries appartenant à 3 ordres, 14 familles et 46 genres ont été inventoriés. À notre connaissance, 78 taxons sont cités pour la première fois au Maroc et 29 souches de cyanobactéries ont pu être isolées et cultivées en laboratoire. Le matériel cyanobactérien planctonique ou benthique collecté sur le terrain (blooms, écumes, films benthiques, etc.) et la biomasse des souches isolées produite en culture au laboratoire, ont été analysés pour l’évaluation de la toxicité et la quantification des cyanotoxines (microcystines).
L’utilisation de la technique HPLC-PDA (High-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detector) a permis d’identifier quatre blooms toxiques à Microcystis et la détection de microcystines (MCs) à des concentrations variant entre 1,87 et 64,4 µg•g‑1 eq MC-LR (microcystin-LR equivalents). Cinq variantes structurales de MCs ont pu être détectées (MC-LR, -RR, -YR, -FR, -WR). Parmi les 29 souches isolées et produites au laboratoire, trois seulement ont confirmé la production de microcystines.
Les résultats obtenus constituent un apport substantiel à la taxonomie des cyanobactéries et à l’évaluation de la biodiversité des cyanobactéries du Maroc. Ces données peuvent être utilisées comme base pour identifier les milieux aquatiques potentiellement contaminés par les cyanobactéries et capables de générer un haut risque sanitaire pour les hommes et les animaux.
Mots clés:
- Cyanobactéries,
- taxonomie,
- microcystines,
- blooms,
- souches isolées,
- eaux continentales,
- Maroc
Appendices
References
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