Abstracts
Résumé
Les stratégies d’apprentissage sont couramment associées à l’apprentissage scolaire. Cependant, la généralisation du terme pour décrire toutes sortes de conduites et de comportements liés à l’apprentissage a créé une confusion et un manque de constance dans la façon d’utiliser le concept. Pour favoriser une plus grande harmonisation dans son usage, la notion de stratégie d’apprentissage est replacée dans son cadre de référence d’origine et une définition de stratégie d’apprentissage est proposée. Une nouvelle taxonomie des stratégies est enfin décrite, qui classe les stratégies en trois domaines : les stratégies métacognitives, les stratégies cognitives de traitement et les stratégies cognitives d’exécution.
Mots clés:
- stratégie d’apprentissage,
- taxonomie,
- enseignement,
- cognition,
- métacognition
Summary
Learning strategies is a concept frequently associated with learning in school contexts. However, a generalisation of this concept to describe various types of behaviours related to learning has produced some confusion and a lack of consistency in its application. In order to promote a more standard use of the term, a new definition is proposed after placing the concept in its original context. A new taxonomy is then described which classifies learning strategies in three different domains : metacognitive strategies, cognitive processing strategies, and cognitive executive strategies.
Key words:
- learning strategy,
- taxonomy,
- teaching,
- cognition,
- metacognition
Resumen
Las estrategias de aprendizaje están, con frecuencia, asociadas al aprendizaje escolar. Sin embargo, la generalización del término para describir todo tipo de conductas y de comportamientos asociados al aprendizaje ha creado una confusión y una falta de constancia en la manera de utilizar el concepto. Para favorecer una armonía más grande en su utilización, la noción de estrategia de aprendizaje se vuelve a considerar en su marco de referencia de origen y se propone una definición de estrategia de aprendizaje. Al terminar, se describe una nueva taxonomía de las estrategias clasificándolas en tres dominios : las estrategias metacognitivas, las estrategias cognitivas de tratamiento y las estrategias cognitivas de execución.
Palabras claves:
- estrategia de aprendizaje,
- taxonomía,
- docencia,
- cognición,
- metacognición
Appendices
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