Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude porte sur les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et le vécu scolaire des élèves relatives à l’absentéisme. Il s’agit aussi de comparer l’adéquation de trois modèles théoriques de l’absentéisme. Deux cent douze élèves du secondaire ont participé à une étude visant à examiner leurs perceptions du contexte scolaire, leurs orientations motivationnelles, leurs compétences perçues, leur sentiment d’aliénation vis-à-vis de l’école et leur absentéisme. Au-delà des différences entre filles et garçons, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des élèves ne permettent pas suffisamment d’expliquer l’absentéisme. Elles font plutôt ressortir le rôle du sentiment d’aliénation, de même que l’effet du contexte scolaire sur la motivation.
Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine the respective weight of students’ socio-demographic characteristics and school experience in the explanation of absenteeism. It is also a matter of comparing the adequacy of three absenteeism models. Two hundred and twelve high school students filled in a questionnaire on their perceptions of their school environment, motivational orientations, perceived level of competence, feeling of alienation in relation with their level of absenteeism and the school . Beyond the differences between girls and boys, the socio-demographic characteristics of the students do not allow for a sufficient level of explanation of absenteeism. They rather help to underline the role of the feeling of alienation, as well as the effect of the school environment on motivation.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el respectivo peso de las características socio-demográficas y de la experiencia escolar de los alumnos para explicar el ausentismo. Doscientos doce alumnos de secundaria llenaron un cuestionario acerca de sus percepciones del medio escolar, sus orientaciones motivacionales, sus competencias percibidas, su sentimiento de alienación respecto a la escuela y su ausentismo. Por encima de las diferencias entre niñas y niños, las características socio-demográficas de los alumnos no logran explicar el ausentismo. Antes bien colaboran a subrayar el papel del sentimiento de alienación, así como el efecto del medio escolar sobre la motivación.
Zusammenfassung
Die Zielsetzung dieser Studie besteht darin, die jeweilige Bedeutung der soziodemographischen Eigenschaften und das Erlebte von Schülern in der Schule bei der Erklärung der Absenzen der Schüler zu untersuchen. Es geht auch darum, die Verwandtschaft von drei theoretischen Modellen der Absenzen zu vergleichen. 212 Schüler der Sekundarstufe haben einen Fragebogen ausgefüllt, der ihre Wahrnehmungen des Schulkontexts betrifft, sich auf ihre Motivationsorientierung, ihre wahrgenommenen Kompetenzen, ihr Entfremdungsgefühl hinsichtlich der Schule und ihres Absenzen bezieht. Jenseits der Unterschiede zwischen Mädchen und Jungen erlauben die soziodemographischen Eigenschaften der Schüler nicht genügend, ihre Absenzen zu erklären. Sie helfen eher die Rolle des Entfremdungsgefühls, ebenso wie die Auswirkung des Schulkontexts auf die Motivation zu betonen.
Appendices
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