Abstracts
Résumé
S’appuyant sur les recherches les plus récentes en psycholinguistique et en neuropsychologie cognitive, les auteurs dégagent les principales caractéristiques du système de lecture présentées par le lecteur adulte compétent, qui constitue l’aboutissement normal du processus d’apprentissage de la lecture. Ils examinent ensuite le processus d’apprentissage menant à l’installation de ce système hautement automatisé. Le facteur crucial de ce processus serait l’utilisation intensive et de plus en plus efficace, par l’apprenti-lecteur, de la procédure de décodage phonologique séquentiel et contrôlé, fondée sur l’apprentissage des correspondances graphophonologiques. Les recherches sur les difficultés d’apprentissage de la lecture et sur la dyslexie appuient cette interprétation. Les auteurs concluent par six idées majeures dont il faudrait tenir compte dans l’élaboration des programmes et des méthodes d’enseignement de la lecture.
Abstract
Based on recent research in psycholinguistics and in cognitive neuropsychology, the authors present the principal characteristics of a competent adult’s reading process, which is the objective of the learning–to-read process. They examine the learning process as it leads to the development of a highly automated system. The crucial factor in the process is the learner’s intensive use, and with increasing efficiency, of phonological sequential and controlled decoding; this being based on learning graphophonological correspondences. This interpretation is supported by research on dyslexia and learning difficulties. The authors conclude by noting six major points that should be considered in the development of reading programmes and teaching methods.
Resumen
Apoyándose en las investigaciones mas recientes en psicolingüística y en neuropsicología cognitiva, los autores ponen en evidencia las principales características del sistema de lectura presentes en el lector adulto competente, que constituye la finalización normal del proceso de aprendizaje de la lectura. Examinan luego este proceso que lleva a la instauración de un sistema altamente automatizado. El factor crucial del aprendizaje de la lectura sería la utilización intensiva – y de mas en mas eficaz por el lector aprendiz – del procedimiento de decodificación fonológico secuencial y controlado, fundado en el aprendizaje de las correspondencias grafonológicas. Las investigaciones sobre las dificualtades de aprendizaje de la lectura y de la dislexia apoyan esta interpretación. Los autores concluyen con seis ideas mayores, las cuales deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en la elaboración de programas y métodos para la enseñanza de la lectura.
Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von den neuesten Forschungen auf dem Gebiet der kognitiven Psycholinguistik und der Neurolinguistik, legen die Autoren die wichtigsten Charakteristika des Lesesystems dar, wie es bei einem kompetenten erwachsenen Leser als normales Resultat des Lernprozesses vorhanden ist. Danach wird der Lernprozess unter die Lupe genommen, der für die Übernahme dieses stark automatisierten Systems sorgt. Der entscheidende Faktor in diesem System ist nach Auffassung der Autoren die intensive und immer wirksamer werdende phonologische Dekodierung (kontrolliert und abschnittweise), die sich auf das Erlernen der graphophonologischen Korrespondenzen gründet. Die Forschungen im Bereich der Lernschwierigkeiten und der Dyslexie unterstützen diese Interpretation. Zum Schluss werden von den Autoren sechs Hauptkriterien hervorgehoben, die bei der Erarbeitung von Leseprogrammen und – methoden berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Appendices
Références
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