Abstracts
Résumé
Les policiers évoluent dans un milieu exigeant, marqué par des interventions fréquentes auprès de populations confrontantes ou vulnérables. La prise rapide de décisions sous pression les expose à des conséquences importantes, autant pour leur santé et leur sécurité que celles des citoyens. Ces défis professionnels, bien qu’inhérents à leur métier, peuvent mener à une détérioration de leur bien-être psychologique et affecter la qualité de leurs pratiques. Pour relever ces défis, de solides compétences interpersonnelles, cognitives et émotionnelles sont essentielles pour se protéger des risques du métier et pour favoriser des décisions et des interventions adaptées à chaque situation. La mentalisation, c’est-à-dire la capacité à détecter, se représenter et interpréter les états mentaux sous-jacents aux comportements de soi et d’autrui, constitue une compétence particulièrement importante dans ce contexte. En milieu policier, la mentalisation permettrait aux agents de maintenir une distance adéquate face à des situations à forte charge émotionnelle, tout en demeurant engagés et empathiques. Ceci favoriserait donc un équilibre qui permettrait d’éviter la réactivité et, ultimement, d’améliorer l’efficacité des interventions. Cet article présente une perspective théorique et conceptuelle sur le rôle de la mentalisation chez les policiers. Il propose un modèle exploratoire écosystémique qui considère cette habileté à la fois comme facteur de protection de leur santé psychologique et comme un levier pour améliorer leurs interventions auprès des populations vulnérables. Ce modèle vise également à orienter les équipes policières et les instances décisionnelles vers une considération accrue de cette compétence dans la formation et les pratiques professionnelles.
Mots-clés :
- mentalisation,
- émotions,
- police,
- facteur de protection,
- qualité des interventions
Abstract
Police officers work in a demanding environment, frequently engaging with populations that may be confronting or vulnerable. The need to make rapid decisions under pressure exposes them to significant consequences, not only for their own health and safety but also that of the citizens they serve. While these professional challenges are inherent to their work, they can lead to a decline in psychological well-being and negatively impact the quality of their practices. To address these challenges, strong interpersonal and emotional skills are essential for protecting themselves from occupational risks and for making appropriate decisions and interventions tailored to each situation. Mentalization, which refers to the ability to detect, represent, and interpret one’s own mental states underlying one’s behaviors, as well as the mental states of others, is a particularly important skill in this context. In policing, mentalization may help officers maintain appropriate distance during highly emotional situations while remaining empathetic. This balance can help prevent impulsive reactions and ultimately improve the effectiveness of interventions. This article offers a theoretical and conceptual perspective on the role of mentalization in policing. It proposes an exploratory ecosystemic model that frames this ability both as a protective factor for officers’ psychological health and as a lever for improving their interventions with vulnerable populations. This model also aims to guide police organizations and decision-making bodies toward greater recognition of this skill in training and professional practices.
Keywords:
- mentalization,
- emotion regulation,
- police,
- protective factor,
- quality of interventions
Appendices
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