Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude examine le rôle modérateur de trois sources d’appui — l’organisation, la supervision immédiate et les collègues — dans la relation entre l’intensité du travail à distance et les attitudes au travail. Les analyses reposent sur une recherche longitudinale (trois vagues) menée auprès d’employés de 11 organisations; 2 105 personnes ont participé à la dernière vague (taux de réponse de 58 %).
Comparativement aux personnes ne télétravaillant pas, et après contrôle des effets liés aux organisations, aux personnes et aux emplois, celles qui télétravaillent un jour par semaine rapportent un équilibre de leurs sphères de vie plus faible. Télétravailler trois ou quatre jours est associé à une performance perçue moindre en matière d’amélioration continue et de développement, tandis que télétravailler un jour ou cinq jours est lié à une intention de quitter l’organisation plus faible.
Les trois sources d’appui renforcent l’engagement et la satisfaction au travail et réduisent l’intention de quitter l’organisation. Une perception élevée de l’appui organisationnel est associée à une efficience accrue dans l’atteinte des résultats, sans toutefois être liée à une perception plus élevée de la productivité horaire en télétravail par rapport au travail en présentiel. L’appui de la supervision immédiate et des collègues favorise l’adoption de comportements d’amélioration continue et de développement.
Les analyses de modération montrent que le soutien des collègues aide à maintenir la satisfaction au travail chez les personnes qui télétravaillent un, deux ou trois-quatre jours par semaine. L’appui organisationnel soutient la performance perçue (efficience et atteinte des résultats) à un et cinq jours de télétravail. En télétravail intégral, le soutien des collègues devient particulièrement déterminant dans l’atteinte des résultats et l’efficience au travail.
Dans l’ensemble, les résultats suggèrent que la qualité des ressources relationnelles et organisationnelles importe davantage que l’intensité du travail à distance pour comprendre les attitudes au travail.
Mots-clés :
- Travail hybride,
- télétravail,
- travail à distance,
- intensité du travail à distance,
- performance,
- productivité,
- attitudes au travail
Abstract
This study examines the moderating roles of three sources of support—organizational, immediate supervisor, and coworker —in the relationship between remote work intensity and work attitudes. The analysis draws on a three-wave longitudinal survey conducted among employees in 11 organizations; 2,105 respondents participated in the final wave (response rate: 58%).
Compared to employees who do not work remotely, and after controlling for organizational, individual, and job-related factors, those who work remotely one day per week report lower work–life balance. Working remotely three or four days per week is associated with lower perceived performance in terms of continuous improvement and development, whereas working remotely one day or five days per week is associated with lower intention to leave.
All three sources of support are associated with higher work engagement and job satisfaction, and with lower intention to leave. Higher perceived organizational support is associated with greater efficiency in achieving results, but not with a higher perception of hourly productivity when working remotely compared to on-site. Support from immediate supervisors and coworkers is also associated with greater adoption of continuous improvement and development behaviors.
Moderation analyses show that coworker support helps sustain job satisfaction among employees who work remotely one, two, or three to four days per week. Organizational support is associated with sustained levels of perceived performance (efficiency and achievement results) at one and five days of remote work. In full-time remote work, coworker support emerges as particularly critical for achieving results and efficiency.
Overall, the findings suggest that the quality of relational and organizational resources matters more than the intensity of remote work in shaping work attitudes.
Appendices
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