Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude quantitative menée sur 711 managers explorant la relation entre le climat de diversité et l’expression du leadership authentique. À travers un modèle de médiation modéré, nous mettons en lumière le rôle du stéréotype masculin du leader performant. Les résultats confirment la relation positive entre climat de diversité et leadership authentique, ils révèlent également que le climat de diversité contribue à l’expression du leadership authentique en réduisant significativement le stéréotype masculin du leader performant, et ce, tout particulièrement pour les répondants masculins. Nos résultats contribuent ainsi à une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme par lequel le climat de diversité oriente les comportements de leadership, notamment chez les leaders. Pratiquement, ils invitent les organisations qui souhaitent développer le leadership authentique de leurs managers à concentrer les efforts des politiques de DEI non seulement sur les stéréotypes de genre, mais également la transformation des stéréotypes du leader et la culture de leadership.
Mots-clés :
- climat de diversité,
- stéréotype masculin,
- leadership authentique,
- genre et leadership
Abstract
This article presents the results of a quantitative study conducted on 711 managers exploring the relationship between diversity climate and the expression of authentic leadership. Through a moderated mediation model, we highlight the role of the masculine stereotype of the high-performing leader. The results confirm the positive relationship between diversity climate and authentic leadership, and they also reveal that diversity climate contributes to the expression of authentic leadership by significantly reducing the masculine stereotype of the high-performing leader, particularly for male respondents. Our findings thus contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism by which diversity climate influences leadership behaviours, especially among leaders. Practically, they invite organizations wishing to develop the authentic leadership of their managers to focus DEI policy efforts not only on gender stereotypes but also on transforming leader stereotypes and leadership culture.
Keywords:
- diversity climate,
- stereotypes,
- authentic leadership,
- gendered leadership
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression : Testing and interpreting interactions. sage.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ambrose, M. L., Schminke, M., & Mayer, D. M. (2013). Trickle-down effects of supervisor perceptions of interactional justice : A moderated mediation approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 678‑689. 10.1037/a0032080 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask : A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801‑823. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of humain existence : An essay on psychology and religion. Rand McNally.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership : A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634‑652. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173‑1182.10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Becker, T. E., Atinc, G., Breaugh, J. A., Carlson, K. D., Edwards, J. R., & Spector, P. E. (2016). Statistical control in correlational studies : 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(2), 157‑167. 10.1002/job.2053 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bem, S. L. (1981). Bem Sex-Role Inventory : Professional manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.10.1037/t05888-000 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bereni, L., Chauvin, S., & Revillard, A. (2012). Introduction aux études sur le genre (Vol. 2). De Boeck Université.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Boehm, S. A., Dwertmann, D. J. G., Kunze, F., Michaelis, B., Parks, K. M., & McDonald, D. P. (2014). Expanding Insights on the Diversity Climate–Performance Link : The Role of Workgroup Discrimination and Group Size. Human Resource Management, 53(3), 379‑402. 10.1002/hrm.21589 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Boekhorst, J. A. (2015). The Role of Authentic Leadership in Fostering Workplace Inclusion : A Social Information Processing Perspective. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 241‑264. 10.1002/hrm.21669 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Borau, S., El Akremi, A., Elgaaied-Gambier, L., Hamdi-Kidar, L., & Ranchoux, C. (2015). L’analyse des effets de médiation modérée : Applications en marketing. Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition), 30(4), 95‑138. 10.1177/0767370115585307 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bresman, H., & Edmondson, A. C. (2022). Exploring the relationship between team diversity, psychological safety and team performance : Evidence from pharmaceutical drug development. Harvard Business Review Working Paper, 1‑11.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cachat-Rosset, G., Klarsfeld, A., & Carillo, K. (2021). Analyse multi-niveau de l’effet du climat diversité sur l’identification organisationnelle – Importance de la perception d’« insider », Revue de gestion des ressources humaines, N° 121(3), 3‑19. 10.3917/grhu.121.0003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Charbonnier-Voirin, A., & El Akremi, A. (2016). L’influence de la personnalité proactive sur la performance adaptative : Le rôle du sentiment d’auto-efficacité et de la justice organisationnelle perçue, Revue de gestion des ressources humaines, N° 101(3), 45‑63. 10.3917/grhu.101.0045 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ciulla, J. B. (2020). Leadership and the Problem of Bogus Empowerment. In J. B. Ciulla, The Search for Ethics in Leadership, Business, and Beyond (Vol. 50, p. 177‑195). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-030-38463-0_12 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Collinson, D. L., & Hearn, J. (2014). Taking the obvious apart : Critical approaches to men, masculinities, and the gendered dynamics of leadership. In R. J. Burke & D. A. Major (Éds.), Gender in Organizations. Edward Elgar Publishing. 10.4337/9781781955703.00012 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Collinson, D., Smolović Jones, O., & Grint, K. (2018). ‘No More Heroes’ : Critical Perspectives on Leadership Romanticism. Organization Studies, 39(11), 1625‑1647. 10.1177/0170840617727784 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cottrill, K., Lopez, P. D., & Hoffmann, C. C. (2014). How authentic leadership and inclusion benefit organizations. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(3), 275‑292. 10.1108/EDI-05-2012-0041 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research : What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 1‑19.10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Dwertmann, D. J. G., Nishii, L. H., & Van Knippenberg, D. (2016). Disentangling the Fairness & Discrimination and Synergy Perspectives on Diversity Climate : Moving the Field Forward. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1136‑1168.10.1177/0149206316630380 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Eagly, A. H. (2005). Achieving relational authenticity in leadership : Does gender matter? The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 459‑474. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.007 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Eagly, A. H., & Carli, L. C. (2007). Through the labyrinth : The truth about how women become leaders. Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573‑598. 10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., & Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 3‑22.10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.3 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350‑383. 10.2307/2666999 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2011). Taking Gender Into Account : Theory and Design for Women’s Leadership Development Programs. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 474‑493. 10.5465/amle.2010.0046 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ely, R. J., & Thomas, D. A. (2020). Getting serious about diversity : Enough already with the business case. Harvard Business Review, November-December(6), 115‑122.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Fine, L. E. (2017). Gender and Sexual Minorities’ Practice and Embodiment of Authentic Leadership : Challenges and Opportunities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 19(4), 378‑392. 10.1177/1523422317728734 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., & Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership : A review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1120‑1145. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.007 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Gino, F., Sezer, O., & Huang, L. (2020). To be or not to be your authentic self ? Catering to others’preferences hinders performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 158, 83‑100. 10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.01.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. Lopez (Éds.), Handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis – A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription : How gender stereotypes prevent women’s ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issue, 57(4), 657‑674.10.1111/0022-4537.00234 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Heilman, M. E. (2012). Gender stereotypes and workplace bias. Research in Organizational Behavior, 32, 113‑135. 10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why are women penalized for success at male tasks? : The implied communality deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81‑92. 10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Heilman, M. E., & Wallen, A. S. (2010). Wimpy and underserving of respect : Penalities for men’s gender-inconsistent success. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(4), 664‑667.10.1016/j.jesp.2010.01.008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hofhuis, J., van der Rijt, P. G., & Vlug, M. (2016). Diversity climate enhances work outcomes through trust and openness in workgroup communication. Springerplus, 5(1), 714. 10.1186/s40064-016-2499-4 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Holmes, O., Jiang, K., Avery, D. R., McKay, P. F., Oh, I.-S., & Tillman, C. J. (2021). A Meta-Analysis Integrating 25 Years of Diversity Climate Research. Journal of Management, 47(6), 1357‑1382. 10.1177/0149206320934547 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kelan, E. K. (2009). Gender fatigue : The ideological dilemna of gender neutrality and discriminations in organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 26, 197‑210.10.1002/cjas.106 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1‑26.10.1207/S15327965PLI1401_01 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Koenig, A. M. (2018). Comparing Prescriptive and Descriptive Gender Stereotypes About Children, Adults, and the Elderly. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1086. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01086 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A. H., Mitchell, A. A., & Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine ? A meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 616‑642. 10.1037/a0023557 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kopelman, R. E., Brief, A. P., & Guzzo, R. A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity. Organizational climate and culture, 282, 318.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Liu, H., Cutcher, L., & Grant, D. (2015). Doing Authenticity : The Gendered Construction of Authentic Leadership. Gender, Work & Organization, 22(3), 237‑255. 10.1111/gwao.12073 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J., & De Vader, C. L. (1984). A test of leadership categorization theory : Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 34, 343‑378.10.1016/0030-5073(84)90043-6 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- McKay, P. F., & Avery, D. R. (2015). Diversity Climate in Organizations : Current Wisdom and Domains of Uncertainty. In M. R. Buckley, A. R. Wheeler, & J. R. B. Halbesleben (Éds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 33, p. 191‑233). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 10.1108/S0742-730120150000033008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- McKay, P. F., Avery, D. R., & Morris, M. A. (2009). A tale of two climates : Diversity climate from subordinates’ and managers’ perspectives and their role in store unit sales performance. Personnel Psychology, 62, 767‑791.10.1111/j.1744-6570.2009.01157.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Mor Barak, M., & Cherin, D. (1998). A tool to expand organizational understanding of workforce diversity : Exploring a measure of inclusion-exclusion. Administration in Social Work, 22, 47-64. Administration in social work, 22(1), 47‑64. 10.1300/J147v22n01_04 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Mor Barak, M., Luria, G., & Brimhall, K. C. (2022). What Leaders Say versus What They Do : Inclusive Leadership, Policy-Practice Decoupling, and the Anomaly of Climate for Inclusion. Group & Organization Management, 47(4), 840‑871. 10.1177/10596011211005916 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe : The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(7), 941‑966. 10.1002/job.413 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Oc, B. (2018). Contextual leadership : A systematic review of how contextual factors shape leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), 218‑235. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.004 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Offermann, L. R., & Coats, M. R. (2018). Implicit theories of leadership : Stability and change over two decades. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(4), 513‑522. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Offermann, L. R., Kennedy, J. K., & Wirtz, P. W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories : Content, structure, and generalizability. The Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43‑58. 10.1016/1048-9843(94)90005-1 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Paluck, E. L., Porat, R., Clark, C. S., & Green, D. P. (2021). Prejudice Reduction : Progress and Challenges. Annual Review of Psychology, 72(1), 533‑560. 10.1146/annurev-psych-071620-030619 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Petit, V. C., & Saint-Michel, S. E. (2017). Leadership, Hommes, Femmes : Mode d’emploi. Pearson.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research : A critical review of the litterature and recommanded remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879‑903.10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. R., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses : Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185‑227.10.1080/00273170701341316 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ragins, B. R. (2008). Disclosure disconnects : Antecedents and consequences of disclosing invisible stigmas accross life domains. Academy of Management Review, 33, 194‑215.10.5465/amr.2008.27752724 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Randel, A. E., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B., & Shore, L. (2016). Leader inclusiveness, psychological diversity climate, and helping behaviors. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(1), 216‑234. 10.1108/JMP-04-2013-0123 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rice, D. B., Prosper, P., & Scott, C. (2023). Leading with DEI on my Mind : Examining the Interactive Effects of Supervisor Perceptions of Psychological Diversity Climate and Supervisor Characteristics on Leadership Style. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 30(2), 239‑258. 10.1177/15480518231154170 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rice, D. B., Young, N. C. J., & Sheridan, S. (2021). Improving employee emotional and behavioral investments through the trickle-down effect of organizational inclusiveness and the role of moral supervisors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(2), 267‑282. 10.1007/s10869-019-09675-2 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rosette, A. S., Leonardelli, G. J., & Phillips, K. W. (2008). The White standard : Racial bias in leader categorization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 758‑777. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.758 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rosette, A. S., Mueller, J. S., & Lebel, R. D. (2015). Are male leaders penalized for seeking help ? The influence of gender and asking behaviors on competence perceptions. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 749‑762. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.02.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (1999). Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women : The hidden costs to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 1004‑1010.10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1004 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Saint-Michel, S. E. (2018). Leader gender stereotypes and transformational leadership : Does leader sex make the difference? M@n@gement, 21(3), 944‑966.10.3917/mana.213.0944 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Saint-Michel, S. E. (2021). Politique d’inclusion et leadership authentique : Un véritable enjeu pour les femmes et les hommes leaders : @GRH, N° 41(4), 141‑166. 10.3917/grh.041.0141 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Saint-Michel, S. E., & Petit, V. C. (2015). Becoming more themseleves : How can global organizations promote women’s authentic leadership? In F. W. Ngunjiri & S. R. Madsen (Éds.), Women and Leadership : Research, theory, and practice. Information Age Publishing.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392563 10.2307/2392563 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Samwel Muguna, H. (2022). Authentic Leadership and Societal Transformation : A Review of Literature. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 11(3), 333‑356. 10.33844/ijol.2022.60333 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Schneider, B., & Reichers, A. E. (1983). On The Etiology Of Climates. Personnel Psychology, 36(1), 19‑39. 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1983.tb00500.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Schyns, B., & Schilling, J. (2011). Implicit Leadership Theories : Think Leader, Think Effective? Journal of Management Inquiry, 20(2), 141‑150. 10.1177/1056492610375989 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., & Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and Diversity in Work Groups : A Review and Model for Future Research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1262‑1289. 10.1177/0149206310385943 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Steffens, M. C., Viladot, M. A., & Scheifele, C. (2019). Male Majority, Female Majority, or Gender Diversity in Organizations : How Do Proportions Affect Gender Stereotyping and Women Leaders’ Well-Being? Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1037. 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01037 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge University Press.10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Triana, M. D. C., Garcia, M. F., & Colella, A. (2010). Managing diversity : How organizational efforts to support diversity moderate the effects of perceived racial discrimination on affective commitment. Personnel Psychology, 63, 817‑843.10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01189.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Van Der Pas, D., Aaldering, L., & Bos, A. L. (2024). Looks like a leader : Measuring evolution in gendered politician stereotypes. Political Behavior, 46(3), 1653-1675. Political Behavior, 46(3), 1653‑1675.10.1007/s11109-023-09888-5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Vinkenburg, C. J., van Engen, M. L., Eagly, A. H., & Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C. (2011). An exploration of stereotypical beliefs about leadership styles : Is transformational leadership a route to women’s promotion? The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 10‑21. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic Leadership : Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89‑126.10.1177/0149206307308913 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Wo, D. X. H., Schminke, M., & Ambrose, M. L. (2019). Trickle-Down, Trickle-Out, Trickle-Up, Trickle-In, and Trickle-Around Effects : An Integrative Perspective on Indirect Social Influence Phenomena. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2263‑2292. 10.1177/0149206318812951 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2011). Reconsidérer Baron et Kenny : Mythes et vérités à propos de l’analyse de médiation », Recherche et Applications en Marketing. 26(1), 81‑95.10.1177/076737011102600105 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar