Abstracts
Summary
In this study, we sought to identify how employee turnover affected company value in a sample of 254 European listed companies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We specifically tested the hypothesis that the most profitable and socially responsible companies withstood the pandemic better. We then complemented our analysis by identifying potential sectoral differences.
We analyzed the association between employee turnover and company value by using a quantile regression model to determine this association at each point of the conditional distribution of company value. All of our financial and non-financial data for the 2019-2020 period were extracted from the Bloomberg database.
We found a negative association between employee turnover and company value before and during the pandemic. The additional costs of employee turnover may have therefore reduced stock market values. The negative association weakened considerably during the pandemic for those companies that had the lowest company value, possibly because of the government support and guarantees they received during the lockdowns. Our sectoral analysis showed a stronger effect on traditional industries with intensive human interactions than on modern industries with predominantly virtual interactions. Estimation results from more profitable companies showed a positive association before the pandemic, perhaps because they had an ‘optimal’ level of employee turnover that maximized their productivity and performance and, thus, their stock market value. This association completely reversed during the pandemic, perhaps because their higher profitability was not sufficient to dampen the negative effect of the increase in employee turnover. For the most profitable and socially responsible companies, the same association was much stronger both before and during the pandemic. For almost all of the companies, the estimated coefficients of employee turnover were positive before the pandemic but became negative for those companies that had the lowest stock market values during the pandemic.
This study enriches the existing literature by being the first one to show how employee turnover affected the company value of European listed firms before and during the pandemic. It also provides new evidence that this association varied with the level of sectoral sensitivity to the pandemic and was much stronger for the most profitable and socially responsible companies.
Keywords:
- company value,
- employee turnover,
- company profitability,
- social responsibility,
- COVID-19 pandemic,
- quantile regression
Résumé
Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à identifier comment la rotation des employés affectait la valeur de l'entreprise à l’aide d’un échantillon de 254 sociétés européennes cotées en bourse avant et pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Nous avons spécifiquement testé l'hypothèse selon laquelle les entreprises les plus rentables et les plus socialement responsables ont mieux résisté à la pandémie. Nous avons ensuite complété notre analyse en identifiant d'éventuelles différences sectorielles.
Nous avons analysé l'association entre la rotation des employés et la valeur de l'entreprise en utilisant un modèle de régression par quantile. Toutes nos données financières et non financières pour la période 2019-2020 ont été extraites de la base de données Bloomberg.
Nous avons constaté une association négative entre la rotation du personnel et la valeur de l'entreprise avant et pendant la pandémie. Les coûts supplémentaires liés à la rotation du personnel peuvent donc avoir réduit les valeurs boursières. L'association négative s'est considérablement affaiblie pendant la pandémie pour les entreprises dont la valeur était la plus faible, peut-être en raison du soutien et des garanties dont elles ont bénéficié de la part des pouvoirs publics pendant les fermetures d'entreprises. Notre analyse sectorielle a montré un effet plus important sur les industries avec des interactions humaines intensives que sur les industries avec des interactions principalement virtuelles. Les résultats des estimations des entreprises les plus rentables ont montré une association positive avant la pandémie, peut-être parce qu'elles avaient un niveau « optimal » de rotation du personnel qui maximisait leur productivité et leur performance et, par conséquent, leur valeur boursière. Cette association s'est complètement inversée pendant la pandémie, peut-être parce que leur rentabilité supérieure n'a pas suffi à atténuer l'effet négatif de l'augmentation de la rotation du personnel. Pour les entreprises les plus rentables et socialement responsables, la même association était beaucoup plus forte avant et pendant la pandémie. Pour la quasi-totalité des entreprises, les coefficients estimés de rotation du personnel étaient positifs avant la pandémie, mais sont devenus négatifs pour les entreprises dont la valeur boursière était la plus faible pendant la pandémie.
Cette étude enrichit la littérature existante en étant la première à montrer comment la rotation des employés a affecté la valeur des entreprises européennes cotées en bourse avant et pendant la pandémie. Elle apporte également de nouvelles preuves que cette association varie en fonction du niveau de sensibilité sectorielle à la pandémie et qu'elle est beaucoup plus forte pour les entreprises les plus rentables et les plus socialement responsables.
Appendices
Appendices
References
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