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Abstracts
Résumé
La présente étude porte sur les effets des caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien. Nous tentons d’expliquer si cinq caractéristiques propres aux arbitres (les expériences en matière de droit, de gestion et d’affaires syndicales, ainsi que l’âge et le sexe) pourraient significativement déterminer comment ils statuent sur les causes entendues dans les tribunaux des relations de travail. Dans ce sens, nous avons examiné si les cinq caractéristiques susmentionnées, étant le groupe de variables indépendantes, pourraient significativement influencer deux variables dépendantes, celles-ci étant l’issue de la procédure d’arbitrage et l’indemnisation des dommages-intérêts.
Cette étude privilégie une approche hypothético-déductive et des méthodes quantitatives. Plus précisément, après avoir défini les hypothèses de recherche, des données brutes sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire ont été recueillies à partir du site Web CANLII.org, qui donne accès aux décisions de tous les tribunaux d’arbitrage canadiens, y compris les commissions provinciales des relations de travail. Chaque cas d’étude consistait donc à une sentence arbitrale particulière. Les données brutes (comprenant 284 et 258 cas valides dans les deux modèles) ont été saisies dans le logiciel SPSS et traitées ensuite par des techniques de régression logistique.
Les résultats des analyses démontrent que les caractéristiques susmentionnées des arbitres (en tant que groupe de variables) pourraient, à des degrés divers, significativement influencer leurs décisions ainsi que les dommages-intérêts qu’ils attribuent aux plaignants. Plus précisément, l’âge des arbitres et leurs expériences en matière de gestion (management) sont les deux variables ayant eu le plus d’effets dans les deux modèles de régression logistique alors que le sexe des arbitres est la variable qui a montré le moins d’effet dans les deux modèles. Ces résultats démontrent que malgré certaines présuppositions sur la neutralité des arbitres, il existe des éléments démographiques qui pourraient préalablement les mener vers certaines formes de jugement.
Précis
Cet article porte sur les effets que les caractéristiques démographiques des arbitres pourraient avoir sur les sentences arbitrales dans le secteur universitaire canadien. Les caractéristiques démographiques qui ont été adoptées comme variables indépendantes dans les modèles de recherche sont les expériences des arbitres en matière de droit du travail, de gestion, et d’affaires syndicales ainsi que leur âge et leur sexe. Cette étude a été réalisée avec une approche hypothético-déductive et des méthodes quantitatives. Plus précisément, nous avons utilisé des techniques de régression logistique pour traiter des données brutes recueillies à partir du site Web CANLII.org. Les résultats démontrent que les caractéristiques susmentionnées des arbitres pourraient significativement influencer l’issue de la procédure d’arbitrage ainsi que l’attribution des dommages-intérêts.
Abstract
This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics of arbitrators on arbitration outcomes in the Canadian university sector. More specifically, we attempt to explain whether five characteristics of arbitrators (their experiences in law, management, and union affairs as well as their age and gender) could significantly determine how they adjudicate in cases heard in labor relations tribunals. Therefore, we examine whether the five aforementioned characteristics, as the group of independent variables, could significantly determine the variations of two dependent variables, namely the outcome of the arbitration procedure and compensation of any damages- interests.
The study’s methodology favors a hypothetico-deductive approach and quantitative methods. Specifically, after defining the research hypotheses, raw data of arbitration outcomes in the university sector was collected from the CANLII.org website. The latter provides access to the decisions of all Canadian arbitration tribunals, including provincial labour relations boards. Each case of study consisted of a specific arbitration outcome. Raw data (comprising 284 and 258 valid cases in both models) were entered into SPSS software and then analyzed using logistic regression techniques.
The results of the analyses demonstrate that the aforementioned characteristics of arbitrators (as a group of variables) could, to different degrees, significantly impact their decisions as well as the damages they award to plaintiffs. Particularly, the age of the arbitrators and their experiences in the management field contributed the most in both logistic regression models while the gender of the arbitrators showed the least impact in both models. These results show that despite certain presumptions about the impartiality of arbitrators, there are demographic factors that could lead them to particular forms of judgment.
Summary
This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics of arbitrators on arbitration outcomes in the Canadian university sector. More specifically, we attempt to explain whether five characteristics of arbitrators (their experiences in law, management, and union affairs as well as their age and gender) could significantly determine how they adjudicate in cases heard in labor relations tribunals. The study’s methodology favors a hypothetico-deductive approach and quantitative methods. Specifically, after defining the research hypotheses, raw data of arbitration outcomes in the university sector was collected from the CANLII.org website. The results of the analyses demonstrate that the aforementioned characteristics of arbitrators (as a group of variables) could, to different degrees, significantly impact their decisions as well as the damages they award to plaintiffs. Particularly, the age of the arbitrators and their experiences in the management field contributed the most in both logistic regression models while the gender of the arbitrators showed the least impact in both models.
Appendices
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