Abstracts
Résumé
Notre article s’intéresse à la façon dont les syndicats se saisissent des technologies numériques d’information et de communication (TNIC) pour expérimenter de nouvelles pratiques démocratiques au sein de leur organisation. Il vise à comprendre comment ces expérimentations façonnent les manières de faire et de penser de la démocratie représentative, participative et délibérative. Notre approche théorique s’inspire de l’approche expérimentaliste et des travaux sur la démocratie digitale. Sur le plan empirique, notre article repose sur la réalisation d’entretiens semi-dirigés auprès des responsables des communications de treize organisations syndicales au Québec et analyse comment ces responsables utilisent et mobilisent les TNIC pour améliorer l’efficacité des pratiques démocratiques, pour accroître l’étendue et l’intensité de la participation et de la mobilisation collective et pour mieux agréger les intérêts et les préoccupations des différentes parties prenantes. Alors que des travaux précédents sur la démocratie digitale avaient formulé l’hypothèse d’une horizontalisation des pratiques démocratiques sous l’effet des TNIC, nos résultats soulignent que les TNIC peuvent s’avérer une source de revitalisation de la démocratie représentative en fluidifiant notamment les processus de communication interne. Elles semblent également contribuer au renouvellement des pratiques de démocratie participative et délibérative, à la fois comme levier de mobilisation, mais aussi comme outil de cadrage et de diffusion du discours syndical. En revanche, nos résultats font ressortir les limites importantes des effets de l’intégration de ces TNIC qui, pour l’heure, n’amène pas à une transformation radicale du fonctionnement démocratique des syndicats. Les expérimentations menées pour créer des espaces de délibération pour les personnes sans-voix, notamment les jeunes, les femmes et les minorités visibles, restent rarissimes. En ce sens, les TNIC sont rarement utilisées pour agréger les intérêts des groupes marginalisés et sous-représentés. Pourtant, la revitalisation de la démocratie syndicale passe avant tout par l’inclusion de ces personnes sans-voix dans les processus de délibération et de participation.
Précis
Notre article s’intéresse à la façon dont les syndicats se saisissent des technologies numériques d’information et de communication (TNIC) pour expérimenter de nouvelles pratiques de démocratie représentative, participative et délibérative au sein de leur organisation. Il s’appuie sur le plan théorique de l’approche expérimentaliste et la littérature sur la démocratie numérique. Il repose sur la réalisation d’entretiens semi-dirigés auprès des responsables des communications de treize organisations syndicales au Québec. Nos résultats de recherche font ressortir que les TNIC ne remplacent pas les pratiques traditionnelles, mais se superposent aux anciennes pratiques. Ils mettent aussi en lumière les limites de ces expérimentations qui ne sont pas liées aux caractéristiques intrinsèques des technologies, mais bien à la façon dont les acteurs syndicaux les mobilisent et les utilisent.
Mots-clés:
- Syndicats,
- expérimentation,
- démocratie syndicale,
- démocratie numérique,
- médias sociaux
Abstract
This article is about the way unions are using digital information and communication technologies (DICTs) for experiments in new democratic practices within their organizations. The aim is to understand how such experimenting is shaping the ways of carrying out and imagining representative, participatory and deliberative democracy. Our theoretical approach is inspired by the experimentalist approach and by work on digital democracy. On the empirical level, our article is based on semi-structured interviews with the communications managers of thirteen union organizations in Quebec and on analysis of how these managers use and mobilize DICTs with a view to improving the effectiveness of democratic practices, increasing the extent and intensity of collective participation and mobilization and better aggregating the interests and concerns of different stakeholders. Whereas preceding studies of digital democracy put forward the hypothesis of DICTs causing a horizontalization of democratic practices, our results show that DICTs may be revitalizing representative democracy, notably by improving the flow of internal communication processes. These technologies also seem to be contributing to renewal of participatory and deliberative democratic practices, not only as a lever for mobilization but also as a tool for channelling and disseminating union discourse. On the other hand, our results reveal significant limits to the integrative effects of these DICTs, which for the time being are not radically transforming the democratic functioning of unions. Little has been done to try and provide the voiceless—notably young people, women and visible minorities—with spaces for deliberation. In that sense, DICTs are seldom used to aggregate the interests of marginalized, underrepresented groups. To revitalize union democracy, one should first include such voiceless people in the processes of deliberation and participation.
Summary
This article is about the way unions are using digital information and communication technologies (DICTs) for experiments in new practices of representative, participatory and deliberative democracy within their organizations. We rely here on the theory of the experimentalist approach and the literature on digital democracy. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the communications managers of thirteen union organizations in Quebec. Our research findings show that DICTs are not replacing traditional practices but are instead being superimposed on older practices. Our findings also highlight the limits to such experiments, these limits being due not to the intrinsic characteristics of DICTs but to the way these technologies are mobilized and used by actors in the union movement.
Keywords:
- unions,
- experimentation,
- union democracy,
- digital democracy,
- social media
Appendices
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