Abstracts
Abstract
This article considers the potential for union revitalization through campaigning in general elections. It first charts changes in unions’ campaigns in general elections, moving beyond a focus on industrial relations issues towards issues of social significance, such as health and education. Second, by reconceptualizing this activity using lay morality, unions may enhance their ability to increase their power and legitimacy. Thus, by acting in this way, unions can broaden the bases for their legitimacy and build new opportunities for their renewal.
However, this approach may not lead to revitalizing their density, but may open the opportunity for their renewal because this approach consolidates their legitimacy to a broader constituency. We suggest that when unions act in this way, they become agents of social utility who champion the interests of a wider constituency. We argue that, given the dynamics of changes to work and the ways in which workers now work, this provides one route for unions to tap into these multiple subjectivities of workers and remain relevant.
This article combines an analysis of over 1000 media articles that cover four periods of campaigns by peak unions in Australian elections between the years 2007-2016, with original interviews with key informants and an analysis of electoral survey results for each election to provide the discussion. These three methods triangulate to establish the shift in unions’ campaign focus and to suggest that this is a potential path to revitalization.
Keywords:
- union revitalization,
- national elections,
- social utility,
- lay morality
Résumé
Cet article examine le potentiel de revitalisation syndicale que peut procurer une participation aux campagnes électorales. Premièrement, il décrit les changements intervenus dans les campagnes des syndicats, qui vont au-delà des questions de relations professionnelles et s’attardent dorénavant à des questions d’importance sociale, telles que la santé et l’éducation. Deuxièmement, en conceptualisant cette activité grâce au recours à la ‘moralité laïque’, les syndicats peuvent renforcer leur capacité à accroître leur pouvoir et leur légitimité. Ainsi, les syndicats peuvent élargir les bases de leur légitimité et créer de nouvelles opportunités pour leur renouvellement.
Bien que cette approche puisse ne pas conduire à revitaliser leur densité, elle peut leur donner une chance de se renouveler, car elle vient consolider leur légitimité auprès d’un public plus large. Nous suggérons que, lorsque les syndicats agissent de la sorte, ils deviennent des ‘agents d’utilité sociale’ qui défendent les intérêts d’un plus grand nombre de personnes. Nous soutenons que, compte tenu de la dynamique des changements apportés au travail et à cause de la manière dont les travailleurs oeuvrent à présent, cela offre aux syndicats un moyen de mettre à profit ces subjectivités multiples des travailleurs et de demeurer pertinents.
Cet article se fonde sur une analyse de plus de 1000 articles de presse couvrant quatre périodes de campagnes de syndicalistes lors des élections australiennes entre 2007 et 2016. Cette dernière fut complétée par des interviews originales avec des informateurs-clés et une analyse des résultats des sondages électoraux pour chaque élection. Ces trois méthodes ont permis de cerner un changement de cap dans les campagnes des syndicats. Ce dernier constitue une voie potentielle en vue de la revitalisation de ces organisations.
Mots-clés:
- revitalisation syndicale,
- élections nationales,
- utilité sociale,
- moralité laïque
Appendices
References
- AES (2016) The Australian Election Study. Available at: http://www.australianelectionstudy.org.10.4135/9781452270043 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Altheide, David and Christopher Schneider (2013) Qualitative Media Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.10.4135/9781452270043 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Australian Council of Trade Unions (2015) “About the ACTU“. Retrieved from: https://www.actu.org.au/about-the-actu, (November 20th, 2017).10.1177/0950017013479828 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Australian Council of Trade Unions (2017) “ACTU Wins First National Family and Domestic Violence Leave in the World“. Retrieved from https://www.actu.org.au/media/1033347/actu-release-170703-fdv-decision.pdf, (June 12th 2018).10.1111/j.1467-8462.2012.00692.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Australian Council of Trade Unions (2019) “Change the Government, Change the rules nationwide door knock.” Retrieved from: https://www.actu.org.au/actu-media/media-releases/2019/change-the-government-change-the-rules-nationwide-door-knock, (accessed June 10, 2019).10.1177/0309132510366746 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Behrens, Martin, Kerstin Hamann and Richard Hurd (2004) “Conceptualizing Labour Union Revitalization.” In Carola Frege and John Kelly (eds) Varieties of Unionism: Strategies for Union Revitalization in a Globalizing Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 11-29.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199270149.003.0002 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Blaikie, Norman (2000) Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation, Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA: Polity Press.10.1177/0032329204272553 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bolton, Sharon C. and Knut Laaser (2013) “Work, Employment and Society through the Lens of the Moral Economy.” Work, Employment and Society, 27 (3), 508-525.10.1177/0950017013479828 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Borland, Jeff (2012) “Industrial Relations Reform: Chasing a Pot of Gold at the End of the Rainbow?” Australian Economic Review, 45 (3), 269-289.10.1111/j.1467-8462.2012.00692.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Coe, Neil M. and David C. Jordhus-Lier (2011) “Constrained Agency? Re-Evaluating the Geographies of Labour.” Progress in Human Geography, 35 (2), 211-233.10.1177/0309132510366746 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cooper, Rae, Bradon Ellem and Chris F. Wright (2105) “Policy and the Labour Movement.” In Brian Head and Kate Crowley (eds), Public Policy in Australia. Bristol: Policy Press, p. 231-244.10.1177/0143831X18777616 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Donaghey, Jimmy, Juliane Reinecke, Christina Niforou and Benn Lawson (2014) “From Employment Relations to Consumption Relations: Balancing Labour Governance in Global Supply Chains.” Human Resource Management, 53 (2), 229-252.10.1002/hrm.21552 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ezzy, Douglas (2002) Qualitative Analysis: Practice and Innovation. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. 10.1177/0143831X18777608 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Factiva (2019) Dow Jones Factiva. Retrieved from: https://professional.dowjones.com/factiva/.10.1177/0022185616677558 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Fine, Janice (2005) “Community Unions and the Revival of the American Labor Movement.” Politics and Society, 33 (1), 153-199.10.1177/0032329204272553 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ford, Michele and Michael Gillan (2015) “The Global Union Federations in International Industrial Relations: A Critical Review.” Journal of Industrial Relations, 57 (3), 456-475.10.1177/0022185615574271 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Frege, Carola M. and John Kelly (2003) “Union Revitalization Strategies in Comparative Perspective.” European Journal of Industrial Relations, 9 (1), 7-24.10.1177/095968010391002 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Gall, Gregor and Jack Fiorito (2011) “The Backward March of Labour Halted? Or What Is to Be Done with ‘Union Organising’? The Cases of Britain and the USA”, Capital and Class, 35 (2), 233-251.10.1177/0309816811403675 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Harrod, Jeffrey and Robert O’Brien (2002) “Organised Labour and the Global Political Economy.” In Jeffrey Harrod and Robert O’Brien (eds.) Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of Organised Labour in the Global Political Economy. London: Routledge, p. 3-28.10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Heery, Edmund (2018) “Fusion or Replacement? Labour and the ‘New’ Social Movements.” Economic and Industrial Democracy, 39 (4), 661-680.10.1177/0143831X18777616 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Holgate, Jane (2018) “The Sydney Alliance: A Broad-Based Community Organising Potential for Trade Union Transformation?” Economic and Industrial Democracy, 39 (2), 312-331.10.1177/0143831X15618451 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Holgate, Jane, Melanie Simms and Maite Tapia (2018) “The Limitations of the Theory and Practice of Mobilization in Trade Union Organizing.” Economic and Industrial Democracy, 39 (4), 599-616.10.1177/0143831X18777608 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hyman Richard (2001) Understanding European Trade Unionism: Between Market, Class and Society. London: Sage Publications.10.1177/1463499616678097 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ibsen, Christian, Lyhne and Maite Tapia (2017) “Trade Union Revitalisation: Where Are We Now? Where to Next?” Journal of Industrial Relations, 59 (2), 170-191.10.1177/0022185616677558 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Johnstone, Stewart and Peter Ackers, eds (2015) Finding a Voice at Work? New Perspectives on Employment Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668007.001.0001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Karp, Paul (2019) “‘Vanity Project’: Critics Round on ACTU’s $25m Campaign after Labor’s Election Loss.” The Guardian, May 23. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/23/vanity-project-critics-round-on-actus-25m-campaign-after-labors-election-loss.10.1080/14780887.2013.801543 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Holstein, James A. and Jaber F. Gubrium (1995) The Active Interview. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.10.4135/9781412986120 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kelly, John E. (1998) Rethinking Industrial Relations: Mobilization, Collectivism and Long Waves. Abington: Taylor & Francis.10.1080/21528586.2011.621241 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kirsch, Anja (2005) “A Comparative Analysis of Union Mergers in Australia and Germany”, AIRAANZ Conference 2005, Sydney, Australia.10.1017/CBO9780511615702 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kochan, Thomas A., Adrienne E. Eaton, Robert B. McKersie and Paul S. Adler (2009) Healing Together the Labor-Management Partnership at Kaiser Permanente. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.10.7591/cornell/9780801451201.001.0001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Korpi, Walter (1983) The Democratic Class Struggle. London: Routledge 10.1177/1463499616684053 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lambert, Rob and Eddie Webster (2001) “Southern Unionism and the New Labour Internationalism.” Antipode, 33 (3), 337-362.10.1111/1467-8330.00188 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lévesque, Christian and Gregor Murray (2010) “Understanding Union Power: Resources and Capabilities for Renewing Union Capacity.” Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 16 (3), 333-350.10.1177/1024258910373867 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lincoln, Yvonna and Egon Guba (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Michelson, Grant (2000) “Trade Union Mergers: A Survey of the Literature”, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 26 (2), 107-127. 10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00788.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Muir, Kathie (2008) Worth Fighting For: Inside the ‘Your Rights at Work’ Campaign. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Murray, Gregor (2017) “Union Renewal: What Can We Learn from Three Decades of Research?” Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 23 (1), 9-29.10.1177/1024258916681723 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Nardinelli, Clark (1980) “Child Labor and the Factory Acts.” The Journal of Economic History, 40 (4), 739-755. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.ecu.edu.au/stable/219999.10.1017/S0022050700100166 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Narotzky, Susana and Niko Besnier (2014) “Crisis, Value, and Hope: Rethinking the Economy.” Current Anthropology, 55 (S9), S4-S16.10.1086/676327 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- OECD (2018) Stat, Trade Union Density, 1999-2014, Retrieved from: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TUD, 17th April.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Palomera, Jaime and Theodora Vetta (2016) “Moral Economy: Rethinking a Radical Concept.” Anthropological Theory, 16 (4), 413-432. 10.1177/1463499616678097 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Peetz, David and Barbara Pocock (2009) “An Analysis of Workplace Representatives, Union Power and Democracy in Australia.” British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47 (4), 623-652.10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00736.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Polyani, Karl (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Robbins, Joel (2009) “Value, Structure, and the Range of Possibilities: A Response to Zigon.” Ethnos, 74 (2), 277-285.10.1080/00141840902940500 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Robinson, Oliver C. (2014)” Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Theoretical and Practical Guide”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11 (1), 25-41. 10.1080/14780887.2013.801543 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Sayer, Andrew (2004) “Restoring the Moral Dimension: Acknowledging Lay Normativity”, On-Line Papers, Department of Sociology, Lancaster University. Retrieved from: http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/sayer-restoring-moral-dimension-pdf, (5th May 2017).Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Sayer, Andrew (2007) “Moral Economy as Critique”, New Political Economy, 12 (2), 261-270.10.1080/13563460701303008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Schneiders, Ben (2008) “Unions Attack Work Laws with Biggest Ad Campaign in Decade.” Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from: https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/unions-attack-work-laws-with-biggest-ad-campaign-in-decade-20180310-p4z3ri.html.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Seidman, Gay (2011) “Social Movement Unionism: From Description To Exhortation.” South African Review of Sociology, 42 (3), 94-102. 10.1080/21528586.2011.621241 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Silver, Beverly J. (2003) Forces of Labour. Workers Movements and Globalization since 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615702 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Simms, Melanie, Jane Holgate and Edmund Heery (2013) Union Voices: Tactics and Tensions in UK Organizing, Ithaca: ILR Press/Cornell University Press. 10.7591/cornell/9780801451201.001.0001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Simoni, Valerio (2016) “Economization, moralization, and the Changing Moral Economies of ‘Capitalism’ and ‘Communism’ among Cuban Migrants in Spain”, Anthropological Theory, 16 (4), 454-475.10.1177/1463499616684053 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Skulley, Mark (2015) “Battle Stations: Unions Reveal 2016 Election Strategy.” The New Daily. Retrieved from: https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2015/03/03/battle-stations-unions-reveal-2016-election-strategy/.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Stake, Robert (2000) “Case Studies.” In Norman Denzin and Yvonna Lincoln (eds), Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd ed., London: Sage.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Stewart, Andrew (2011) “Fair Work Australia: The Commission Reborn?” Journal of Industrial Relations, 53 (5), 563-577.10.1177/0022185611419600 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Stockwell, Paul, Robert M. Colomb, Andrew E. Smith and Janet Wiles (2009) “Use of an Automatic Content Analysis Tool: A Technique for Seeing both Local and Global Scope.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 67 (5), 424-436.10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.12.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Upchurch, Martin (2009) “Partnership: New Labour’s Third Way?” In Gary Daniels and John McIlroy (eds.) Trade Unions in a Neoliberal World. London: Routledge, p. 230-253.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Waterman, Peter and Jill Timms (2005) “Trade Union Internationalism and a Global Civil Society in the Making.” In Marlies Glasius, Mary Kaldor and Helmut Anheier (eds.) Global Civil Society 2004/5. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, p. 178-203. 10.4135/9781446211908.n9 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Wilson, Shaun and Benjamin Spies-Butcher (2011) “When Labour Makes a Difference: Union Mobilization and the 2007 Federal Election in Australia.” British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49 (s2), 306-331.10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00788.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Workplace Express (2019) “Coalition ‘Swamped’ Change the Rules Message: Review”, 8 August 2019.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Yin, Robert K. (2013) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
