Abstracts
Abstract
Union approaches in relation to the global recalibration of work and employment relations and practices over the last three decades are being worked out in practice. The question for unions is by which means they either have leverage or the potential to exercise power in relation to state and corporate decisions and strategies. Unions thus face challenging questions about the ways they organize, exercise their capacities and attempt to meet their purposes. With reference to the Australian maritime sector, the study examines the ways the main union, the Maritime Union of Australia, developed multi-scalar approaches to localized events. The problem unions face is to defend and advance workers’ interests. The task is to organize, to realize their capacities to defend and advance maritime workers’ interests, increasingly in multi-scalar ways.
The argument is that leaderships and activity that ‘bridge’ scalar relationships are an important condition in this process. There appears to be a complex set of cross-connections between the local, the national and the international. While transnational connectivity increasingly defines contemporary forms of trade unionism, these scalar relations are defined in relation to the workplace, the everyday world, and by the ways that transport is a defining characteristic of the global world. These relations constitute contemporary class struggle where work and employment relations are always in a process of change and development. Trade unionism, thus, remains a collective expression of power relations, in an increasingly internationalized world of work and employment.
Thus, this research presents important lessons for multi-scalar organization and campaigning by unions to realize their capacities and purpose. Nonetheless, this study is only a beginning. While it indicates the processes of bridging, the next step is to investigate the variety of ways that bridging may take place and with what outcomes for the development of multi-scalar activity.
Keywords:
- unions,
- leadership,
- globalization,
- multinational capital,
- maritime
Résumé
Les approches syndicales en relation avec le rééquilibrage des relations industrielles et des pratiques en matière d’emploi et de travail durant les trois dernières décennies s’élaborent dans la pratique. La question qui se pose pour les syndicats est de savoir quels sont les moyens qui peuvent leur permettre d’influencer ou qui ont un potentiel pour influer sur les décisions et les stratégies de l’État et des entreprises. Les syndicats sont ainsi confrontés à diverses questions concernant les manières d’organiser et d’exercer leurs capacités ainsi que d’atteindre leurs objectifs. En se basant sur l’expérience du syndicalisme maritime australien, cette étude examine la façon dont le principal syndicat, le Syndicat maritime de l’Australie (Maritime Union of Australia), a su développer des approches à paliers multiples pour aborder les situations locales. Le problème auquel les syndicats doivent faire face est celui de défendre et de faire progresser les intérêts des travailleurs. Leur défi principal est d’organiser et de montrer leurs capacités à défendre et faire progresser les intérêts des travailleurs maritimes, en utilisant davantage l’approche à paliers multiples.
Notre argumentation est à l’effet que le leadership et les activités qui permettent de faire le pont entre les paliers multiples constituent une importante condition du processus. Il semble exister un ensemble de connexions complexes entre les paliers local, national et international. Alors que la connectivité transnationale définit de plus en plus les formes contemporaines de syndicalisme, ces relations à paliers multiples sont définies en rapport avec les milieux de travail, le monde du quotidien, et par le fait que le transport s’avère une caractéristique du monde global. Ces relations constituent le lieu de la lutte des classes contemporaine où le travail et les relations industrielles s’insèrent continuellement dans un processus de changement et d’évolution. Ainsi, le syndicalisme demeure une expression collective des relations de pouvoir dans un monde du travail et de l’emploi s’internationalisant de plus en plus.
Aussi, la présente recherche offre de tirer d’importantes leçons pour les organisations à paliers multiples et pour les syndicats qui cherchent à mettre en oeuvre leurs ressources et leurs objectifs. Malgré tout, cette étude constitue seulement un début. Bien qu’elle procure des indications sur le processus d’harmonisation des paliers multiples, la prochaine étape sera d’étudier les diverses manières dont cette recherche d’harmonisation peut se dérouler et avec quels résultats pour le développement d’activités à paliers multiples.
Mots-clés :
- syndicats,
- leadership,
- globalisation,
- capital multinational,
- maritime
Resumen
Durante las últimas tres décadas, los enfoques sindicales respecto a la re-calibración global de las relaciones y de las prácticas de trabajo y de empleo están siendo reformuladas. Los sindicatos se cuestionan sobre los medios para impulsar o para darles el potencial para ejercer presión sobre las decisiones y estrategias del estado y de las corporaciones. Los sindicatos se enfrentan así a cuestiones cruciales sobre las maneras de organizarse, ejercer sus capacidades y lograr obtener sus propósitos. Tomando como referencia el sector marítimo australiano, el estudio examina cómo el sindicato principal, el Sindicato Marítimo de Australia, desarrolló enfoques multi-escala utilizados en los acontecimientos localizados. El problema al cual los sindicatos se enfrentan es de defender y hacer avanzar los intereses de los trabajadores. La tarea es organizarse para actualizar sus capacidades de defensa y hacer avanzar los intereses de los trabajadores marítimos, cada vez más de manera multi-nivel. El argumento es que los liderazgos y las actividades que hacen el puente entre las relaciones de escala son una condición importante en este proceso. Aparece como un conjunto complejo de conexiones entrecruzadas entre lo local, lo nacional y lo internacional. En el contexto donde la conectividad transnacional define cada vez más las formas contemporáneas del sindicalismo, estas relaciones en escala son definidas en relación al medio de trabajo, al mundo de todos los días, y a las diferentes vías que han convertido el transporte en una característica esencial del mundo global. Estas relaciones constituyen la lucha de clase contemporánea donde el trabajo y las relaciones de empleo están siempre en proceso de cambio y de desarrollo. En ese sentido, el sindicalismo sigue siendo la expresión colectiva de las relaciones de poder, en un mundo del trabajo y del empleo cada vez más internacionalizado.
Esta investigación presenta lecciones importantes para la organización a multi-escala y para la organización de campañas sindicales para hacer efectivas sus capacidades y sus propósitos. Sin embargo, este estudio es solo un comienzo. Después de haber sacado a luz el proceso de “creación de puentes”, el paso siguiente es de investigar las diversas maneras de “creación de puentes” que pueden surgir y sus efectos en el desarrollo de la actividad multi-escala.
Palabras clave:
- Sindicatos,
- liderazgo,
- globalización,
- capital multinacional,
- marítimo
Appendices
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