ror.org/03kk7td41
Abstracts
Abstract
The aim of paper is to understand the role and significance of supply chain leverage in promoting health and safety management at sea, the institutional contexts in which it occurs and under which circumstances it is effective.
This is a qualitative research study that examined the views of seafarers and their managers on what drives the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) management arrangements in two shipping sectors, namely, the independent oil and chemical tanker trade and the container trade. It is based on interviews with seafarers working on board several of these vessels and with representatives of the companies managing and operating the ships.
As might be anticipated from previous theorizing of supply chain effects on OHS, the study found there to be strong evidence of its influence on OHS management arrangements on tankers. The most significant driver of this effect for both managers and seafarers appeared to be the surveillance of their OHS arrangements instituted by the heads of the supply chain—in this case the oil majors and their inspection systems. Perhaps more surprisingly, despite the more diffuse, transactional and arms-length supply arrangements in the container trade, in the one case study from this sector examined in the paper, supply chain influences on OHS were nevertheless discernable. However, it also demonstrated the positive role played by the framework for maritime regulation in determining the significance of these influences.
Essentially, the results indicate that, under certain conditions, supply chain relations are useful in helping to support implementation of arrangements for OHS management on merchant vessels. However, it also more broadly demonstrates that such leverage is most likely to be effective when it operates within a wider institutional framework in which public regulation and its surveillance by regulatory authorities remains a key element.
Keywords:
- regulation,
- supply chains,
- shipping,
- health and safety,
- management
Résumé
Le but de cet article est de comprendre le rôle et la signification du levier que représente la chaîne d’approvisionnement dans la promotion de la gestion en matière de santé et de sécurité en mer, de cerner les contextes institutionnels dans lesquels cela se passe ainsi que dans quelles circonstances cela est efficace.
Sur le plan méthodologique, la présente recherche se veut qualitative. Elle examine les points de vue des marins et de leurs gestionnaires sur ce qui conduit à la mise en place de mesures en santé et sécurité (OHS pour Occupational Health and Safety en anglais) dans deux secteurs du transport maritime, soit celui du transport indépendant du pétrole et des produits chimiques ainsi que celui du transport de conteneurs. Elle repose sur des entrevues menées auprès de marins travaillant à bord de plusieurs de ces vaisseaux et de représentants des compagnies qui gèrent et opèrent ces vaisseaux.
Comme il pouvait être anticipé de la théorisation antérieure des effets de la chaîne d’approvisionnement sur la santé et la sécurité (OHS), l’étude conclut à une forte influence de celle-ci sur les mesures de santé et sécurité prises par la direction dans le secteur du transport des conteneurs. Le facteur le plus significatif de cet effet, à la fois pour les gestionnaires et les marins, semble être celui de la surveillance de leurs mesures en santé et sécurité de la part des directions de la chaîne d’approvisionnement — dans ce cas les géants du pétrole et leurs systèmes d’inspection. De manière plus surprenante, malgré des mesures d’approvisionnement plus diffuses, transactionnelles et musclées dans le secteur du transport de conteneurs, dans l’un des cas étudiés dans le cadre de cette recherche, les influences de la chaîne d’approvisionnement se sont avérées réelles. Au surplus, notre recherche a montré le rôle positif joué par le cadre de la réglementation maritime dans la détermination de la signification de ces influences.
En conclusion, les résultats indiquent essentiellement que, sous certaines conditions, les relations dans la chaîne d’approvisionnement sont utiles pour appuyer la mise-en-oeuvre de mesures en matière de santé et sécurité sur les vaisseaux marchands. De plus, nos résultats démontrent généralement que ce type de levier ou de support a plus de chances d’être efficace lorsqu’il opère dans un cadre institutionnel plus large où la réglementation publique et sa surveillance par des organismes réglementaires sont un élément-clé.
Mots-clés:
- chaînes d’approvisionnement,
- santé et sécurité,
- transport maritime,
- gestion
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es comprender el rol influente y la importancia de la cadena de suministro en la promoción de la gestión de la salud y la seguridad en el mar, los contextos institucionales respectivos y las circunstancias facilitadoras.
Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que estudia los puntos de vista de los marineros y de sus superiores sobre lo que conduce a la implementación de disposiciones de dirección respecto a la salud y seguridad ocupacional (SSO) en dos sectores del transporte marítimo, el transporte independiente de petróleo y productos químicos y el sector de transporte de contenedores. Las entrevistas se realizaron con marinos que trabajaban a bordo de varias embarcaciones y con representantes de compañías responsables de la gestión y de la operación de dichas embarcaciones.
Tal como fue anticipado a partir de estudios previos sobre los efectos de la cadena de suministro sobre la SSO, los resultados muestran evidencias solidas de dicha influencia sobre las directivas de salud y seguridad ocupacional en el sector de contenedores. El factor más significativo de este efecto, según los directivos y los marinos, fue la vigilancia de la aplicación de dichas directivas de salud y seguridad ocupacional de parte de las direcciones de la cadena de suministro, en este caso, las grandes compañías petroleras y sus respectivos sistemas de inspección. Lo más sorprendente fue que en uno de los casos del sector estudiado en este artículo, a pesar del carácter difuso, transaccional y equitativo de los acuerdos de suministro en el comercio de contenedores, las influencias de la cadena de suministro sobre la SSO fueron aun así perceptibles. Sin embargo, se demostró también el rol positivo que juega el marco normativo de regulación marítima para determinar la importancia de dichas influencias.
En conclusión, los resultados indican esencialmente que bajo ciertas condiciones, las relaciones de la cadena de suministro son útiles para sostener la implantación de las directivas de SSO en las embarcaciones mercantiles. Sin embargo, fue también ampliamente demostrado que tal influencia es más susceptible de ser eficaz cuando ella opera dentro de un cuadro institucional más amplio dentro del cual la reglamentación pública y su supervisión por las autoridades normativas constituyen un elemento clave.
Palabras claves:
- cadenas de suministro,
- salud y seguridad,
- transporte marítimo,
- gestión
Appendices
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