Abstracts
Résumé
Depuis les dernières années, l’attrait des infirmières pour les agences de placement temporaire a connu une croissance marquée. Or, dans un contexte de rareté de la main-d’oeuvre, on peut se demander quelles sont les sources de motivation qui incitent les infirmières à choisir le travail d’intérim et à demeurer loyales envers leur agence. Prenant appui sur la classification de Tan et Tan (2002), quatre sources de motivations ont été explorées, soit les motivations individuelles ou familiales, les motivations économiques, les motivations professionnelles et les préférences personnelles. Pour les motivations familiales, cette étude s’est principalement intéressée au rôle des conditions de travail flexibles offertes par les agences de placement. En regard des motivations économiques, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’influence des conditions salariales et, en ce qui concerne les motivations professionnelles, à l’influence des possibilités de développement des compétences des infirmières d’agence. Enfin le rôle des préférences personnelles s’est limité l’étude de la charge de travail.
Les résultats de notre étude, réalisée auprès de deux échantillons, l’un provenant de 500 infirmières oeuvrant dans des agences de placement infirmier au Québec, et l’autre de 99 infirmières provenant de deux agences, ont montré que les motivations familiales et celles liées au développement professionnel avaient un effet positif sur la satisfaction des infirmières d’agence. En ce qui a trait à leur loyauté, celle-ci serait davantage liée à la flexibilité des horaires, à la formation et au développement des compétences, à la sécurité d’emploi et à la possibilité de choisir ses mandats. De bonnes conditions salariales n’apparaissent pas suffisantes à leurs yeux. Elles ne veulent pas seulement avoir de meilleures conditions économiques, ces infirmières veulent aussi une plus grande liberté de choix et sont en quête d’une plus grande autodétermination et de meilleures chances de développement professionnel.
Mots-clés :
- infirmière,
- agence de placement temporaire,
- travail d’intérim,
- satisfaction au travail,
- loyauté,
- engagement organisationnel
Abstract
In recent years, the attractiveness of temporary placement agencies for nurses has grown significantly. In a labour scarcity context, it is worth exploring the motivations that encourage nurses to choose temporary work and remain loyal to their agency. Building on the classification of Tan and Tan (2002), four sources of motivation were explored: individual or family incentives, economic incentives, professional motivations and personal preferences. Regarding family motivations, this study was mainly interested in the role of flexible working conditions offered by placement agencies. Concerning economic motivations, we examined the influence of pay conditions. Our investigation of professional motivations centered on agency nurses’ opportunities for skills development. Finally, the role of personal preferences was explored via workload.
The results of our study, conducted on two samples, one of 500 nurses working in nursing agencies in Quebec and the other of 99 nurses from two agencies, showed that family and professional development motivations had a positive influence on agency nurses’ satisfaction. In contrast, their loyalty is more closely related to the need for flexible hours, training and skills development, job security and the possibility of choosing one’s assignments. Good salary conditions are not sufficient. Nurses who choose temporary work are motivated by more than a quest for better economic conditions. They also want greater freedom of choice and self-determination, and more opportunities for professional development.
Keywords:
- nurse,
- temp agency,
- temporary work,
- job satisfaction,
- loyalty,
- organizational commitment
Resumen
En los últimos años, la atracción de las enfermeras por las agencias de colocación temporal ha conocido un crecimiento marcado. Ahora bien, en un contexto de rareza de la mano de obra, podemos preguntarnos cuáles son las fuentes de motivación que incitan las enfermeras a escoger el trabajo interino (temporal) y a permanecer leales con la agencia. Tomando apoyo sobre la clasificación de Tan y Tan (2002), cuatro fuentes de motivaciones son exploradas: las motivaciones individuales o familiares, las motivaciones económicas, las motivaciones profesionales y las preferencias personales. Por las motivaciones familiares, este estudio se interesa principalmente al rol de las condiciones de trabajo flexible ofrecidas por las agencias de colocación. Respecto a las motivaciones económicas, nos interesamos a la influencia de las condiciones salariales y, en lo que concierne las motivaciones profesionales, a la influencia de las posibilidades de desarrollo de competencias de las enfermeras de agencia. Para terminar, el rol de las preferencias personales se ha limitado al estudio de la carga de trabajo.
El estudio ha sido realizado con dos muestras, la primera proviene de 500 enfermeras que trabajan en las agencias de colocación de enfermeras en Quebec, y la otra de 99 enfermeras proviene de dos agencias. Los resultados mostraron que las motivaciones familiares y aquellas vinculadas al desarrollo profesional tienen un efecto positivo sobre la satisfacción de las enfermeras de agencia. En lo que lo concierne la lealtad, ésta estaría sobre todo vinculada a la flexibilidad de los horarios, a la formación y al desarrollo de competencias, a la seguridad de empleo y a la posibilidad de escoger sus mandatos. Las buenas condiciones salariales no aparecen suficientes a sus ojos. Ellas no quieren tener solamente mejores condiciones económicas. Estas enfermeras quieren también una gran libertad de escoger y son en búsqueda de una mayor autodeterminación y de mejores oportunidades de desarrollo profesional.
Palabras clave:
- enfermera,
- agencia de colocación temporal,
- trabajo interino,
- satisfacción en el trabajo,
- lealtad,
- compromiso organizacional
Appendices
Bibliographie
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