Abstracts
Résumé
Si les recherches ont démontré que les caractéristiques contextuelles (soit de la famille, du travail et de l’organisation) influencent le conflit travail-famille (CTF), l’incidence des attributs personnels sur le CTF a été peu étudié. Cette étude explore (a) l’effet direct de quatre dispositions personnelles – l’engagement envers le travail, l’engagement envers la famille, la personnalité de type A et le leadership de soi – sur le CTF et (b) l’effet modérateur de ces dispositions sur les liens entre les caractéristiques de leur travail et de leur famille et le CTF.
Menée par questionnaires auprès de deux grands échantillons d’employés (N = 1,398, N = 532), des analyses bivariées appuient un lien négatif entre le leadership de soi et les deux types de CTF étudiés (T→F et F→T) et ce, même après avoir contrôlé pour le sexe et l’âge des répondants. Quant aux analyses de régression, après avoir contrôlé pour le sexe, une personnalité de type A représente la disposition personnelle étudiée qui explique le mieux le conflit T→F. Une personnalité de type A modère aussi l’effet des caractéristiques du travail et de la famille sur le conflit T→F. Ainsi, un employé ayant une personnalité de type A et qui consacre plus de temps au travail, est plus susceptible de ressentir plus de conflit T→F. Finalement, il semble qu’un employé qui s’engage plus envers son travail et perçoit avoir plus de responsabilités familiales, ressent plus de conflit F→T.
Sur le plan théorique, cette étude appuie la perspective des dispositions personnelles dans la compréhension du CTF. Sur le plan pratique, les résultats montrent que les employeurs doivent adopter des stratégies liées à plusieurs niveaux (individuel et organisationnel) pour réduire le CTF. De la même façon, pour ressentir moins de CTF, les employés doivent veiller à faire des choix professionnels et familiaux plus cohérents et plus respectueux de leurs dispositions ou de leurs traits personnels.
Mots-clés :
- traits,
- personnalité,
- conflit travail et vie personnelle,
- conflit emploi-famille,
- équilibre
Abstract
While prior research shows that contextual variables (that is family, job and organizational characteristics) influence the ability of individuals to reconcile work and family, the impact of personal or dispositional attributes is still relatively unknown. We pursue this knowledge gap in two ways. First, we investigate how four personal attributes – self-leadership, type A personality, work commitment and family commitment – influence the work-family conflict (WFC). Second, we assess the moderating effect of these four personal attributes on the relation between work and family characteristics and the WFC.
Our questionnaire-based study relies on respondents from two samples (N = 1,398 and N = 532). Bivariate analyses suggest the existence of a negative relation between self leadership and the two types of work-family conflicts (W→F and F→W), even after controlling for gender and age. Multivariate analyses show that self leadership significantly contributes to explaining the W→F conflict. In addition, a Type A personality appears to be the individual attribute that best explains the W→F conflict. A Type A personality also plays a moderating role in the relation between work and family attributes and the W→F conflict. More specifically, an employee who has a Type A personality will devote more time at work and, hence, will be more likely to experience a W→F conflict. Finally, employees who express a stronger work engagement bearing important family responsibilities are more likely to experience a F→W conflict.
From a theoretical perspective, the study provides some support for the role of personal dispositions in explaining WFC. From a practical perspective, practitioners responsible for promoting work–family balance should devise multilevel interventions (individual as well as contextual). Similarly, employees must face the reality of their own dispositions and make work and family choices that are consistent and coherent with them.
Keywords:
- traits,
- personality,
- personal dispositions,
- work-personal life conflict,
- balance
Resumen
Las investigaciones han demostrado que las características contextuales (es decir, de la familia, del trabajo y de la organización) influencian el conflicto trabajo-familia (CTF), pero la incidencia de atributos personales sobre el CTF ha sido poco estudiada. Este estudio explora (a) el efecto directo de cuatro disposiciones personales – la implicación respecto al trabajo, la implicación respecto a la familia, la personalidad tipo A y el liderato de sí mismo – sobre le CTF y (b) el efecto moderador de esas disposiciones sobre los vínculos entre las características de su trabajo y de su familia y el CTF.
Realizada por cuestionario con dos grandes muestras de empleados (N = 1,398; N = 532), los análisis bivariados apoyan un vinculo negativo entre el liderazgo de sí mismo y los dos tipos de CTF estudiados (T→F et F→T) y esto, incluso después de haber controlado por el género y la edad de los encuestados. En cuanto a los análisis de regresión, después de haber controlado por el género, una personalidad de tipo A representa la disposición personal estudiada que explica mejor el conflicto T→F. Una personalidad de tipo A modera también el efecto de las características del trabajo y de la familia sobre el conflicto T→F. Así, un empleado con una personalidad de tipo A y que consagra más de tiempo al trabajo, es más susceptible de resentir más de conflicto T→F. Finalmente, se da a entender que un empleado que se implica más en su trabajo y percibe tener más responsabilidades familiares resentirá más conflicto F→T.
En el plano teórico, este estudio apoya la perspectiva de disposiciones personales en la comprensión del CTF. En plano practico, los resultados muestran que los empleadores deben adoptar estrategias vinculadas a varios niveles (individual y organizacional) para reducir el CTF. De la misma manera, para resentir menos CTF, los empleados deben velar por adoptar opciones profesionales y familiares más coherentes y más respetuosas de sus disposiciones o de sus rasgos personales.
Palabras clave:
- rasgos,
- personalidad,
- conflicto empleo-familia,
- conflicto trabajo y vida personal,
- equilibrio
Appendices
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