Abstracts
Abstract
This article presents an empirical research on the determinants of employees’ participation in non-mandatory training offered by their employer. The analysis model identified two groups of determinants, i.e. socio-demographic (age, gender, family responsibilities and education level) and employment-related (organizational tenure, hierarchical position and employment status). Participants, mostly female, were employees from a large Canadian service organization. Results showed that age negatively influenced participation, that women participated more than men, and that the education level was negatively related to participation. Findings also indicated a non-linear relationship between organizational tenure and participation, and that the probability of participation in non-mandatory training increased with the hierarchical position occupied. Family responsibilities and employment status were not found to be significant predictors of participation.
Résumé
Cet article présente une étude empirique sur les déterminants de la participation des employés à la formation continue offerte par l’employeur aux travailleurs sur une base volontaire. Pour ce faire, l’article recense non seulement la documentation portant sur la formation obligatoire mais aussi celle sur la formation volontaire.
Le modèle d’analyse proposé identifie deux groupes de déterminants : (1) les déterminants sociodémographiques, comprenant l’âge, le genre, les responsabilités familiales et le niveau de scolarité atteint; (2) les déterminants liés à l’emploi, soit l’ancienneté organisationnelle, le niveau hiérarchique et le statut d’emploi. Sept hypothèses sont émises pour chacun des déterminants à l’étude en relation avec la participation à la formation continue sur une base volontaire. En fonction des résultats empiriques recensés et des théories examinées dans les études antérieures, cet article postule que : (1) l’âge est négativement relié à la participation à la formation; (2) les femmes participent moins à la formation que les hommes; (3) les responsabilités familiales, mesurées à la fois par la présence d’enfants et le statut matrimonial, sont négativement liées à la participation à la formation; (4) le niveau de scolarité est associé négativement à la participation à la formation; (5) l’ancienneté organisationnelle est positivement reliée à la participation à la formation; (6) le niveau hiérarchique est positivement associé à la participation à la formation, et (7) les employés à temps plein participent davantage à la formation que les employés à temps partiel.
Des données provenant d’une grande organisation canadienne de services financiers sont utilisées afin de tester empiriquement les hypothèses de recherche. L’organisation à l’étude a commencé en 1996 à offrir plusieurs types de formation volontaire à ses employés en leur remboursant les frais de scolarité et le matériel. Cependant, la formation se tenait en dehors du temps de travail. Le but premier de l’organisation était d’augmenter le sens des responsabilités des employés envers leur capital humain. Depuis le début du programme, plusieurs d’entre eux ont participé activement à cette formation sur une base volontaire alors que d’autres n’ont pas participé. Les données proviennent plus précisément du fichier informatisé RH des employés qui étaient à l’emploi de l’organisation à la fin de 1998, soit deux ans après le début de l’offre de formation. Ces données portent sur 1 918 employés et représentent environ 20 % de l’effectif total de l’entreprise. La procédure de sélection probabiliste aléatoire simple a été utilisée afin de sélectionner les employés.
Les résultats indiquent que l’âge influence négativement la participation, que les femmes participent plus que les hommes, et que le niveau d’éducation est négativement lié à la participation. Les résultats démontrent aussi une relation non-linéaire entre l’ancienneté organisationnelle et la participation. Ils montrent également que la probabilité de participer dans la formation continue non obligatoire augmente avec la position hiérarchique occupée. Finalement, les résultats indiquent que ni les responsabilités familiales ni le statut d’emploi ne sont des déterminants significatifs de la participation. Ces résultats ajoutent aux connaissances sur la formation et peuvent aider les organisations à identifier les employés qui sont moins susceptibles de participer à la formation.
Resumen
Este artículo presenta una investigación empírica sobre los factores determinantes de la participación de los empleados al entrenamiento no obligatorio ofrecido por sus empleadores. El modelo de análisis identifica dos grupos de determinantes, i.e. los factores socio-demograficos (edad, genero, responsabilidades familiares y nivel de educación) y los factores vinculados al empleo (posición en la organización, posición jerárquica y estatuto de empleo). Los participantes, mayoritariamente mujeres, eran empleados de una gran organización canadiense de servicios. Los resultados mostraron que la edad influencia negativamente la participación, que las mujeres participaron más que los hombres y que el nivel de educación estaba vinculado negativamente a la participación. Las conclusiones indican también una relación no lineal entre posición en la organización y participación y que la probabilidad de participación en el entrenamiento no obligatorio aumenta con la posición jerárquica ocupada. Las responsabilidades familiares y el estatuto de empleo no demostraron tener capacidad de predicción significativa de la participación.
Appendices
References
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