Abstracts
Résumé
Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) offrent de nombreuses possibilités de participation sociale. Cependant, elles exposent les personnes qui les utilisent à des risques (p. ex., le harcèlement en ligne, les abus financiers). Cette étude vise à évaluer les ressources et les vulnérabilités d’adultes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) face aux risques liés à l’utilisation des TIC. Des entretiens structurés avec 51 adultes présentant une DI ont été réalisés. Les résultats de l’analyse thématique du contenu montrent que la plupart des participants connaissent des stratégies autodéterminées pour gérer ces risques. Ces résultats soulignent l’intérêt d’une vision positive de la prise de risque pour améliorer la participation sociale en ligne et hors ligne de ce public.
Mots-clés :
- déficience intellectuelle,
- TIC,
- risques numériques,
- vulnérabilité sociale,
- Internet,
- médias sociaux
Abstract
Information and communication technologies (ICT) offer many opportunities for social participation. However, ICT exposes people who use them to risks such as cyberbullying or financial abuse. Adults with intellectual disability (ID) experience high rates of victimization, both online and offline. This study aims to assess the resources and vulnerabilities to digital risks of adults with ID. Structured interviews with 51 adults with ID were conducted using a social vulnerability assessment tool, the TV-22. Results of the thematic content analysis show that most of the participants know self-determinate strategies to handle digital risks. These results underpin the value of a positive risk-taking approach to improve on and offline social participation of adults with ID.
Keywords:
- Intellectual disability,
- ICT,
- digital risks,
- social vulnerability,
- Internet,
- social networking
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Ågren, K. A., Kjellberg, A. et Hemmingsson, H. (2020). Internet opportunities and risks for adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A comparative study of parents’ perceptions. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 27(8), 601-613. doi:10.10 80/11038128.2020.1770330
- Begara Iglesias, O., Gómez Sánchez, L. E. et Alcedo Rodríguez, M. A. (2019). Do young people with Asperger syndrome or intellectual disability use social media and are they cyberbullied or cyberbullies in the same way as their peers? Psicothema, 31(1), 30-37. doi:10.7334/psicothema 2018.243
- Borgström, Å., Daneback, K. et Molin, M. (2019). Young people with intellectual disabilities and social media: A literature review and thematic analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 21(1), 129-140.
- Buijs, P. C. M., Boot, E., Shugar, A., Fung, W. L. A. et Bassett, A. S. (2017). Internet safety issues for adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 30(2), 416-418.
- Caton, S. et Chapman, M. (2016). The use of social media and people with intellectual disability: A systematic review and thematic analysis. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 41(2), 125-139.
- Centrale d’enregistrement et d’analyse pour la sûreté de l’information MELANI. (2020). Sûreté de l’information. Situation en suisse et sur le plan international. Repéré à https://www.melani.admin.ch/
- Chadwick, D. D. (2019). Online risk for people with intellectual disabilities. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 24(4), 180-187.
- Chadwick, D. D., Chapman, M. et Caton, S. (2018). Digital inclusion for people with an intellectual disability. Dans A. Attrill-Smith, C. Fullwood, M. Keep et D. J. Kuss (dir.), The oxford handbooks of cyberpsychology (p. 261-284). Oxford, Royaume-Uni: Oxford Handbooks Online.
- Chadwick, D. D. et Fullwood, C. (2018). An online life like any other: Identity, self-determination, and social networking among adults with intellectual disabilities. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(1), 56-64.
- Chadwick, D., Wesson, C., et Fullwood, C. (2013). Internet access by people with intellectual disabilities: Inequalities and opportunities. Future Internet, 5, 376-397.
- Chiner, E., Gómez-Puerta, M. et Cardona-Moltó, M. C. (2017). Internet use, risks and online behaviour: The view of internet users with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(3), 190-197.
- Finkelhor, D. (2014). Commentary: Cause for alarm? Youth and internet risk research - a commentary on Livingstone and Smith. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(6), 655-658.
- Greenspan, S., Switzky, H. N. et Woods, G. W. (2011). Intelligence involves risk-awareness and intellectual disability involves risk-unawareness: Implications of a theory of common sense. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 36(4), 246-257. doi:10.31 09/13668250.2011.626759
- Hickson, L. et Khemka, I. (2013). Problem solving and decision making. Dans M. Wehmeyer (dir.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology and disability (p. 198-225). York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Jones, L., Wood, S., Bates, G., Eckley, L., … Officer, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1621-1629. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61851-5
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale. (2016). Déficiences intellectuelles. Repéré à http://www.ipubli.inserm.fr/bitstream/handle/10608/6817/expcol_2016_DI_synthese_fr.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Vega, V., Cruz, M., Pérez, Ma. C. et Torres, V. A. (2018). Cyberbullying among adults with intellectual disabilities: Some preliminary data. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 72, 265- 274.
- Khemka, I. et Hickson, L. (2008). ESCAPE-DD: An effective strategy-based curriculum for abuse prevention and empowerment for adults with developmental disabilities. New York, NY: Center for Opportunities and Outcomes for People with Disabilities, Teachers College, Columbia University.
- Landis, J. R. et Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174.
- Le Robert. (n.d.). Hameçonnage. Repéré le 10 novembre 2020 sur https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com/definition/hameconnage
- Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2004). “May I?” About sexuality and love in the new generation with intellectual disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 22(3),197-207. doi:10.1023/B:SEDI.0000039062. 73691.cb
- Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2008). Love in cyberspace: Swedish young people with intellectual disabilities and the internet. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 10(2), 125-138. doi:10.1080/1501741070 1758005
- Lough, E. et Fisher, M. H. (2016). Internet use and online safety in adults with williams syndrome: Online safety and WS. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(10), 1020-1030. doi:10. 1111/jir.12281
- Lussier-Desrochers, D., Normand, C. L., Romero-Torres, A., Lachapelle, Y., Godin-Tremblay, V., Dupont, M.-È., … Bilodeau, P. (2017). Bridging the digital divide for people with intellectual disability. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(1), Article 1.
- Mikton, C., Maguire, H. et Shakespeare, T. (2014). A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and respond to violence against persons with disabilities. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(17), 3207-3226.
- Molin, M., Sorbring, E. et Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2017). New em@ncipatory landscapes? Young people with intellectual disabilities, internet use, and identification processes. Advances in Social Work, 18(2), 645-662.
- Normand, C. L., Rodier, S., Lussier-Desrochers, D. et Giguère, L. (2017). Peut-on favoriser l’inclusion sociale des jeunes par l’utilisation des médias sociaux ? Revue francophone de la déficience intellectuelle, 27, 101-115.
- Office québécois de la langue française. (2018). Sextorsion. Repéré le 10 novembre 2020 à http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ficheOqlf.aspx?Id_Fiche=26529614
- Paillé, P. et Mucchielli, A. (2012). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (2e éd.). Paris, France: Armand Colin.
- Petitpierre, G. (2018). Validation du test de compétences interpersonnelles et de vulnérabilité personnelle, version française, enrichie, accessibilisée et informatisée. Repéré à http://p3.snf.ch/Project-176196
- Petitpierre, G., Gremaud, G., Veyre, A., Bruni, I. et Diacquenod, C. (2013). Aller au-delà de l’alibi. Consentement à la recherche chez les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. Repéré à http://www.seg-sse.ch/pdf/2013-03-27_Petitpierre.pdf
- Petitpierre, G. et Tabin, M. (2020). From social vulnerability assessment to active prevention measures: A decision-making perspective [Manuscrit soumis pour publication].
- Ramsten, C., Martin, L., Dag, M. et Marmstål Hammar, L. (2019). A Balance of social inclusion and risks: Staff perceptions of information and communication technology in the daily life of young adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability in a social care context. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(3), 171-179. doi:10. 1111/jppi.12278
- Sallafranque-St-Louis, F. (2015). L’utilisation d’Internet et la sollicitation sexuelle sur le Web auprès des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) ou un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) (Thèse de doctorat inédite). Université du Québec en Outaouais, QC.
- Salmerón, L., Fajardo, I. et Gómez-Puerta, M. (2019). Selection and evaluation of Internet information by adults with intellectual disabilities. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 34(3), 272-284.
- Seale, J. (2014). The role of supporters in facilitating the use of technologies by adolescents and adults with learning disabilities: A place for positive risk-taking? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 29(2), 220-236. doi:10.1080/08856257. 2014.906980
- Seale, J. et Chadwick, D. (2017). How does risk mediate the ability of adolescents and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to live a normal life by using the Internet? Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(1), article 2.
- Sorbring, E., Molin, M. et Löfgren-Mårtenson, L. (2017). “I’m a mother, but I’m also a facilitator in her every-day life”: Parents’ voices about barriers and support for internet participation among young people with intellectual disabilities. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(1), article 3. doi:10. 5817/CP2017-1-3
- Tabin, M., Diacquenod, C., De Palma, N., Gerber, F., Straccia, C., Wilson, C., … Petitpierre, G. (2020). Cross-Cultural Preliminary Validation of a Measure of Social Vulnerability in People with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. doi: 10.3109/13668250.2020.1793450
- Ward, K. M., Smith, C. et Windsor, R. (2013). A friendship et dating program for adults with intellectual and developmental disability: A formative evaluation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 51, 22-32. .
- Wells, M. et Mitchell, K. J. (2014). Patterns of Internet use and risk of online victimization for youth with and without disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 48(3), 204-213.
- Wong, A., Chan, C., Litsang, C. et Lam, C. (2009). Competence of people with intellectual disabilities on using human–computer interface. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(1), 107-123. doi:10. 1016/j.ridd.2008.01.002
10.7202/1043127ar