ror.org/007y6q934
Abstracts
Résumé
De nombreux Canadiens vivent un conflit entre emploi et responsabilités de soin à un proche dépendant, entraînant des difficultés à se maintenir sur le marché du travail. La recherche concernant le soutien organisationnel aux employés proches aidants étant encore jeune, nous avons entrepris une recherche exploratoire visant à identifier les formes de soutien auxquelles les proches aidants ont réellement accès en milieu de travail. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées entre 2014 et 2015 auprès d’employés proches aidants québécois (N=23). Notre analyse indique que l’accès aux mesures de conciliation travail-famille dépend presque exclusivement de la relation avec le supérieur.
Mots-clés :
- conciliation travail-famille,
- proches aidants,
- soutien organisationnel perçu,
- soutien du superviseur perçu,
- aménagements flexibles du temps de travail
Abstract
Conflicts between work and eldercare roles are common among Canadians and tend to trigger difficulties in remaining in employment. Literature about workplace support to employed caregivers is still inconsistent which is why we have undertaken an exploratory study whose aim was to identify which kinds of support caregivers actually access at work. Semi-directive interviews were led between 2014 and 2015 with Quebec employed caregivers (N=23). Our analysis shows that access to work-life balance measures essentially depends on the relationship with the supervisor.
Keywords:
- work-life balance,
- caregivers,
- perceived organizational support,
- perceived supervisor support,
- flexible work arrangements
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Airey, L., McKie, L. et Backett-Milburn, K. (2007). Women’s experiences of combining eldercare and paid work in the Scottish food retail sector. Health Sociology Review, 16, 292-303.
- Arksey, H. (2002). Combining informal care and work : supporting carers in the workplace. Health And Social Care in the Community, 10(3), 151-161.
- Bernard, M. et Phillips, J. E. (2007) Working carers of older adults : what helps and what hinders in juggling work and care? Community, Work & Family, 10(2), 139-160.
- Bowling, N. A. (2007). Social support. Dans S. G. Rogelberg (dir.), Encyclopedia of industrial and organizational psychology (vol. 2, p. 741-744). Thousand Oaks, CA : SAGE Publications.
- Butts, M. M., Casper, W. J. et Yang, T. S. (2013). How important are work-family support policies? A meta-analytic investigation of their effects on employee outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 1-25.
- Calvano, L. (2013). Tug of war : caring for our elders while remaining productive at work. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 27(3), 204-218.
- Caron, J. et Guay, S. (2005). Soutien social et santé mentale : concept, mesures, recherches récentes et implications pour les cliniciens. Santé mentale au Québec, 30(2), 15-41.
- Cooper, R. et Baird, M. (2015). Bringing the “right to request” flexible working arrangements to life : from policies to practices. Employee Relations,37(5), 568-581.
- Dembe, A. E., Dugan, E., Mutschler, P. et Piktialis, D. (2008). Employer perceptions of elder care assistance programs. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 23(4), 359-379.
- Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., et Schroeder, B. (2009). Balancing paid work and caregiving responsibilities : a closer look at family caregivers in Canada. Ottawa : Gouvernement du Canada. Human Resource and Skills Development Canada.
- Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., et Smart, R. (2011). Elder care and the impact of caregiver strain on the health of employed caregivers. Work, 40, 29-40.
- Edwards A. B., S. H. Zarit, M. A. P. Stephens et A. Townsend (2002). Employed family caregivers of cognitively impaired elderly : an examination of role strain and depressive symptoms. Aging & Mental Health, 6(1), 55-61.
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchinson, S., et Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
- Emploi et Développement Social Canada. (2016). Flexible work arrangements : what was heard. Récupéré de www.esdc.gc.ca/en/consultations/labour/flexible_work_arrangements/what_was_heard.page
- Etters, L., Goodall, D. et Harrison, B. E. (2008). Caregiver burden among dementia patient caregivers : a review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20, 423-428.
- Fast, J., Lero, D.S., Keating, N., Eales, J., et Duncan, K. (2014). The economic costs of care to employers: A synthesis of findings. Research on Ageing, Policies and Practice, Human Ecology. Edmonton : University of Alberta.
- Gouvernement du Canada. (2016). Consulting Canadians on flexible work arrangements. Récupéré de http://www.esdc.gc.ca/en/consultations/labour/flexible_work_arrangements/index.page
- Greaves, C. E., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H. et Jimmieson, N. L. (2015). Turnover intentions of employees with informal eldercare responsibilities : the roles of core self-evaluation and supervisor support. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 82(1), 79-115.
- Greenhaus, J., Ziegert, J. C. et Allen, T. D. (2012). When family-supportive supervision matters : relations between multiple sources of support and work–family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 266-275.
- Greenhaus, J. et Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
- Grzywacs, J. G., Carlson, D. S. et Shulkin, S. (2008). Schedule flexibility and stress : linking formal flexible arrangements and perceived flexibility to employee health. Community, Work and Family, 11(2), 199-214.
- Jahn, E. W., Thompson, C. A. et Kopelman, R. E. (2003). Rationale and construct validity evidence for a measure of perceived organizational family support (POFS) : because purported practices may not reflect reality. Community, Work & Family, 6(2), 123-140.
- Kalliath, T. et Brough, P. (2009). Work-life balance : a review of the meaning of the balance construct. Journal of Management & Organization, 14, 323-327.
- Kelly, E. L. et Kalev, A. (2006). Managing flexible work arrangements in US organizations : formalized discretion or a “right to ask”. Socio-Economic Review, 4, 379-416.
- Kossek, E. E., Colquitt, J.A. et Noe, R. A. (2001). Caregiving decisions, well-being, and performance : the effects of place and provider as a function of dependent type and work-family climates. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 29-44.
- Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., et Hammer, L. B. (2011). Workplace social support and work-family conflict : a meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family-specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology, 64, 289-313.
- Krisor, M. et Rowold, S. J. (2014). Personal and organizational resources of family caregivers’ well-being. Personnel Review, 43(3), 401-418.
- Lesemann, F. et D’Amours, M. (2010). Travailleurs âgés, travail « post-retraite » et régimes de retraite : exclusion ou inégalités ? Dans M. Charpentier, N. Guberman, V. Billette, J.P. Lavoie, A. Grenier et I. Olazabal (dir.), Vieillir au pluriel : Perspectives sociales (p. 393-411). Québec : Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Lewis, S. (2003). Flexible working arrangements : implementation, outcomes and management. Dans C. L. Cooper et I. T. Robertson (dir.) International review of industrial and organizational psychology (vol. 18, p.1-28). Chichester, Royaume-Uni : John Wiley & Sons.
- Li, A., Shaffer, J. et Bagger, J. (2015). The psychological well-being of disability caregivers : examining the roles of family strain, family-to-work conflict, and perceived supervisor support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,20(1), 40-49.
- Lilly, M. B., Laporte, A. et Coyte, P. C. (2007). Labor market work and home care’s unpaid caregivers : a systematic review of labor force participation rates, predictors of labor market withdrawal, and hours of work. The Milbank Quarterly, 85(4): 641-690.
- Maestas, N. (2010). Back to work : expectations and realizations of work and retirement. Journal of Human Resources, 45(3), 718-748.
- Martel, L. et Légaré, J. (2001). Avec ou sans famille proche à la vieillesse : une description du réseau de soutien informel des personnes âgées selon la présence du conjoint et des enfants. Cahiers québécois de démographie,30(1), 89-114.
- McGowan, R. A. (2009). Managerial discourses of work and eldercare : (re)producing, resisting, and negotiating boundaries between private and public. Culture and Organization, 15(3-4), 307-329.
- Mesmer-Magnus, J. R. et Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict : a meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.
- Nogues, S. et Tremblay, D.-G. (2016) Le « right to request flexible working » : un outil favorable aux employés proches aidants ? Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques, 42(4), 442-455.
- Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Services Research, 34(5), 1189-1208.
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3e éd.). Londres : Sage publications.
- Perry-Smith, J. E. et Blum, T. C. (2000). Work-family human resource bundles and perceived organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6), 1107-1117.
- Plaisier, I., Broese van Groenou, M. I. et Keuzenkamp, S. (2015). Combining work and informal care : the importance of caring organisations. Human Resource Management Journal. doi: 10.1111/1748-8583.12048.
- Rajnovitch, B., Keefe, J. et Fast, J. (2005). Supporting caregivers of dependent adults in the 21st century. (Document préparé pour le Healthy Balance Research Program). Récupéré de http://www.cwhn.ca/en/node/28032
- Regroupement des aidantes et des aidants naturels. (2009). Proche aidant. Récupéré de http://www.raan.ca/fr/index.asp?idMenu=592
- Reid, R.C., Stajduhar, K. I. et Chappell, N. L. (2010). The impact of work interferences on family caregivers outcomes. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 29(3), 267-289.
- Rhoades, L. et Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support : a review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714.
- Sahibzada, K., Hammer, L.B., Neal, M. B. et Kuang, D. C. (2005). The moderating effects of work-family role combinations and work-family organizational culture on the relationship between family-friendly workplace supports and job satisfaction. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 880-839.
- Sauvayre, R. (2013). Les méthodes d’entretien en sciences sociales, Paris : Dunod.
- Savoie-Zajc, L. (2003). L’entrevue semi-dirigée. Dans B. Gauthier (dir.), Recherche sociale. De la problématique à la collecte des données (p. 293-316), Sainte-Foy : Les Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Sekaran, U. (2003). The research process. Dans U. Sekaran (dir.), Research methods for business : a skill-building approach (4e éd., chap. 6, p. 116-139). Londres : Wiley.
- Sekaran, U. et Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business : a skill-building approach (5e éd.). Haddington : Wiley.
- Sherman, K. C. et Reed, K. (2008). Eldercare and job productivity : an accommodation analysis. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(4), 23-36.
- Shoptaugh, C. F., Phelps, J. A. et Visio, M. E. (2004). Employee eldercare responsibilities : should organizations care? Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(2), 179-196.
- Thomas, L. et Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain : a control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 6-15.
- Tremblay, D.G. (2012). Conciliation emploi-famille et temps sociaux (3e éd.). Québec : Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Tremblay, D.G., Larivière, M. et Lero, D. (2013). La conciliation emploi-famille-soins : quel soutien des entreprises pour les proches aidants ? (Note de recherche No 2013-05 de l’ARUC sur la gestion des âges et des temps sociaux). Récupéré de http://benhur.teluq.uquebec.ca/SPIP/aruc/spip.php?article13
- Turcotte, M. (2013). Être aidant familial : quelles sont les conséquences ? Regards sur la société canadienne, 75 -006-X. Statistique Canada.
- Zacher, H. et Schultz, H. (2015). Employees’ eldercare demands, strain and perceived support. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(2), 183-198.
- Zacher, H. et Winter, G. (2011). Eldercare demands, strain, and work engagement : the moderating role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Vocational Behavior,79, 667–680.
- Zeytinoglu, I. U., Cooke, G. B. et Mann, S. L. (2010). Employer-offered family support programs, gender and voluntary and involuntary part-time work. Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 65(2), 177-195.
- Zuba, M. et Schneider, U. (2013). What helps working informal caregivers? The role of workplace characteristics in balancing work and adult-care responsibilities. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 34, 460-469.
10.7202/012137ar