Abstracts
Résumé
Un programme de suivi à long terme permet d’évaluer l’efficacité des mesures d’atténuation installées sur l’autoroute Transcanadienne qui traverse le parc national de Banff, en Alberta, Canada. Depuis 1996, les passages fauniques conçus pour la grande faune ont été traversés plus de 218 000 fois. Les cerfs ont effectué 62 % des traversées contre 19 % pour les wapitis et < 8 % pour les grands carnivores. À disponibilité égale, les ours grizzlis, les orignaux, les cerfs et les wapitis ont semblé préférer les passages supérieurs (par-dessus la route) aux passages inférieurs, alors que les cougars et les coyotes ont utilisé les 2 types de structure également. Nous avons estimé que le temps d’adaptation aux passages fauniques variait entre 3 ans (cougar, ours noir) et 9 ans (ours grizzli, loup gris). En moyenne, pour les 8 espèces étudiées, la période d’adaptation initiale était de 4,4 ans, alors que la période d’adaptation complète était de 5,9 ans. Au cours des 15 dernières années, nous avons contribué à la recherche environnementale ainsi qu’à la gestion et la planification des transports, afin de concevoir des routes mieux adaptées aux populations animales.
Mots-clés :
- adaptation,
- autoroute Transcanadienne,
- parc national de Banff,
- passages fauniques,
- suivi à long terme
Appendices
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