Abstracts
Résumé
La tomographie par cohérence optique, plus communément appelée OCT (optical coherence tomography), est une technique d’imagerie non invasive des milieux biologiques à l’échelle du micromètre dont l’impact le plus remarquable concerne l’ophtalmologie. L’OCT « plein champ » est une approche originale de l’OCT, proposée et améliorée au fil des ans par notre équipe. Après avoir exposé le principe de l’OCT plein champ, nous détaillerons ses performances en soulignant les avantages et les inconvénients par rapport à l’OCT classique. Les potentialités de cette technique seront illustrées par quelques exemples d’applications dans les domaines de l’embryologie, la biologie du développement et l’ophtalmologie. Enfin, nous présenterons les développements en cours pour l’imagerie à très haute résolution in vivo, pour accroître la profondeur d’imagerie dans les milieux fortement diffusants, ou encore exploiter de nouvelles sources de contraste comme la biréfringence optique.
Summary
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for imaging of biological media with micrometer-scale resolution, whose most significant impact concerns ophthalmology. Since its introduction in the early 1990’s, OCT has known a lot of improvements and sophistications. Full-field OCT is our original approach of OCT, based on white-light interference microscopy. Tomographic images are obtained by combination of interferometric images recorded in parallel by a detector array such as a CCD camera. Whereas conventional OCT produces B-mode (axially-oriented) images like ultrasound imaging, full-field OCT acquires tomographic images in the en face (transverse) orientation. Full-field OCT is an alternative method to conventional OCT to provide ultrahigh resolution images (~ 1 µm), using a simple halogen lamp instead of a complex laser-based source. Various studies have been carried, demonstrating the performances of this technology for three-dimensional imaging of ex vivo specimens. Full-field OCT can be used for non-invasive histological studies without sample preparation. In vivo imaging is still difficult because of the object motions. A lot of efforts are currently devoted to overcome this limitation. Ultra-fast full-field OCT was recently demonstrated with unprecedented image acquisition speed, but the detection sensitivity has still to be improved. Other research directions include the increase of the imaging penetration depth in highly scattering biological tissues such as skin, and the exploitation of new contrasts such as optical birefringence to provide additional information on the tissue morphology and composition.
Appendices
Références
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