Abstracts
Résumé
La trypanosomiase humaine africaine, ou maladie du sommeil, demeure un problème préoccupant en Afrique intertropicale. Cette maladie nécessite une surveillance systématique des populations, particulièrement pour la trypanosomiase à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, qui présente une longue période asymptomatique. En l’absence de signes cliniques spécifiques, le dépistage exhaustif des populations demeure l’unique moyen de contrôler cette maladie et d’éviter sa propagation. Le manque de sensibilité et de spécificité des tests diagnostiques classiques a conduit, ces dernières années, à l’utilisation des outils moléculaires. L’amplification par PCR de séquences spécifiques des parasites a considérablement amélioré le diagnostic de l’infection, le diagnostic de phase de la maladie, ainsi que le suivi post-thérapeutique. Cependant, des limitations à une application en routine existent et des recherches sont encore nécessaires pour faire de cette technique un réel outil de contrôle et de lutte contre la maladie du sommeil.
Summary
Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is still a worrying problem in Africa. Sleeping sickness is a disease for which a systematic monitoring is necessary, particularly for the trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is characterized by a long asymptomatic stage. In the absence of specific clinical signs, mass screening of populations remains the only way to control the disease and to avoid its spreading. The lack of sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis tests classically used led to the developpement of molecular tools. PCR amplification of parasite specific sequences has considerably improved the diagnostic of the parasitic infection, the stage diagnosis as well as the post-therapeutic follow-up. But there are limits with a use in routine and research is still necessary to make PCR a real tool for control of sleeping sickness.
Appendices
Références
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