Abstracts
Résumé
Le point de contrôle mitotique est essentiel pour permettre une répartition équitable du matériel génétique au cours de la mitose. Il prévient le déclenchement de l’anaphase jusqu’à ce que tous les chromosomes soient attachés au fuseau mitotique et alignés sur la plaque équatoriale. Sa fonction est d’empêcher une ubiquitine ligase - l’anaphase promoting complex (APC) - d’ubiquitinyler certaines protéines dont la dégradation est nécessaire à la mise en route de l’anaphase. Chez les eucaryotes supérieurs, la perte de ce point de contrôle peut conduire à une mauvaise répartition des chromosomes, et contribuer ainsi à l’instabilité génomique observée dans la plupart des cellules tumorales.
Summary
The mitotic checkpoint is essential to ensure accurate chromosome segregation by allowing a mitotic delay in response to a spindle defect. This checkpoint postpones the onset of anaphase until all the chromosomes are attached and correctly aligned onto the mitotic spindle. The checkpoint functions by preventing an ubiquitin ligase called the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) from ubiquitinylating proteins whose degradation is required for anaphase onset. Loss of this checkpoint results in chromosome missegregation in higher eukaryotes and may contribute to the genomic instability observed in most of the tumour cells.
Appendices
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