Abstracts
Résumé
L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) constitue une des principales causes d’incapacité de l’adulte. Plus de 60% des personnes victimes d’un AVC perdront temporairement la capacité de marcher.Cet article offre un aperçu de l’évolution de la rééducation de la fonction locomotrice ainsi que de l’impact du développement des connaissances scientifiques et technologiques sur cette évolution.Ainsi, la pratique mentale, l’entraînement de la marche sur tapis roulant ainsi que l’immersion dans des environnements virtuels représentent des thérapeutiques fort prometteuses pour optimiser la récupération locomotrice et favoriser la réinsertion sociale post-AVC.
Summary
The task-oriented approach incorporating treadmill walking for retraining gait early after stroke has contributed to promote locomotor recovery. To augment practice, training strategies such as mental practice and training in virtual environments are proposed. While the former offers more practice with less physical exertion, the latter allows safe practice in a variety of challenging environments. Work is under way to assess whether these new strategies can further enhance locomotor recovery.
Appendices
Références
- 1. Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Recovery of walking function in stroke patients. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 ; 76 : 27-32.
- 2. Desrosiers J, Noreau L, Rochette A, Bravo G, Boutin C. Predictors of handicap situations following post-stroke rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2002 ; 24 : 774-85.
- 3. Malouin F, Potvin M, Prevost J, Richards CL, Wood-Dauphinee S. Use of an intensive task-oriented gait training program in a series of patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Phys Ther 1992 ; 72 : 781-9.
- 4. Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Bouchard JP, Brunet D. Task-specific physical therapy for optimization of gait recovery in acute stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 ; 74 : 612-20.
- 5. Visintin M, Barbeau H, Korner-Bitensky N. A new approach to retrain gait in stroke patients through body weight support and treadmill stimulation. Stroke 1998 ; 29 : 1122-8.
- 6. Dean CM, Richards CL Malouin F. Task-related circuit training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke. A randomized controlled pilot trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000 ; 81 : 409-17.
- 7. Richards CL, Malouin F, Dean C. Gait in stroke: assessment and rehabilitation. In: Duncan P, ed. Clinics ingeriatric medicine. Philadelphie: W.B. Saunders, 1999 : 15 : 833-55.
- 8. Carr JH, Shepherd RB. Neurological rehabilitation. Optimizing motor performance. Oxford : Butterworth Heinemann, 1998.
- 9. Dean C, Richards CL, Malouin F. Walking speed over 10 meters overestimates locomotor capacity after stroke. Clin Rehabil 2001 ; 15 : 415-21.
- 10. Smith GV, Silver KH, Goldberg AP, Macko RF. «Task-oriented» exercise improves hamstring strength and spastic reflexes in chronic stroke patients. Stroke 1999 ; 30 : 212-9.
- 11. Macko RF, Smith GV, Dobrovolny CL, Sorkin JD, Goldberg AP, Silver KH. Treadmill training improves fitness reserve in chronic stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001 ; 82 : 879-84.
- 12. Nudo RJ, Pautz EJ, Frost SB. Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex. Muscle Nerve 2001 ; 24 : 1000-19.
- 13. Pascual-Leone A, Nguyet D, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills. J Neurophysiol 1995 ; 74 : 1037-45.
- 14. Jackson PL, Lafleur M, Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J. Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001 ; 82 : 1133-41.
- 15. Jeannerod, M. The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behav Brain Sci 1994 ; 17 : 187-245.
- 16. Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Malouin F, Richards CL, Doyon J. Functional cerebral reorganization following motor sequence learning through mental practice with motor imagery. NeuroImage 2003 (sous presse).
- 17. Sirigu A, Duhamel JR, Cohen L, Pillon B, Dubois B, Agid Y. The mental representation of hand movements after parietal cortex damage. Science 1996 ; 273 : 1564-8.
- 18. Malouin F, Desrosiers J, Doyon J, Richards CL. Motor imagery ability after stroke. Soc Neurosci 2001 ; 27 : 950.4 (abstract).
- 19. Page SJ, Levine P, Sisto SA, Johnston MV. Mental practice combined with physical practice for upper-limb motor deficit in sub-acute stroke. Phys Ther 2001 ; 81 : 1455-62.
- 20. Malouin F, Belleville S, Descrosiers J, Doyon J, Richards CL. Working memory and mental practice after stroke. ArchPhys Med Rehabil 2003 (sous presse).
- 21. Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Dumas F, Doyon J. Brain activations during motor imagery of locomotor-related tasks: a PET study. Hum Brain Mapp 2003 ; 19 : 47-62.
- 22. Gérin-Lajoie M, Richards CL, McFadyen BJ. Walking around upright obstacles: Effects of obstacle mobility and division of attention on anticipatory locomotor strategies. Soc Neurosci 2001 ; 27 : 406.124 (abstract).
- 23. McComas J, Pivik J. Laflamme M. Current uses of virtual reality for children with disabilities. Stud Health Technol Inform 1998 ; 58 :161-9.
- 24. Holden M, Dyar T, Callahan J, Schwamm L, Bizzi E. Quantitative assessment of motor generalization in the real world following training in virtual environment. Neurol Rep 2001 ; 25 : 130-1.
- 25. DeRugy A, Montagne G, Buekers MJ, Laurent M. The study of locomotor pointing in virtual reality: The validation of a test set-up. Behav Res Meth Instr Comput 2000 ; 32 : 515-20.