Abstracts
Résumé
Les attaques terroristes récentes utilisant des spores de Bacillus anthracis ont révélé les lacunes des organismes de santé publique. Pourtant, l’utilisation des bactéries comme arme n’est pas nouvelle et il faudra développer notre capacité à y faire face. Il est important de mettre au point de nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic moléculaire afin d’identifier les bactéries en moins d’une heure. Notre laboratoire utilise la génomique pour créer des outils qui promettent de révolutionner la médecine.
Summary
The use of biological weapons has been recorded throughout history. However, the anthrax-tainted letters of the fall of 2001 caused shock and panic in several countries. Knowledge of the principal bacteriological weapons allows design of novel rapid DNA-based diagnostic tests that should help defuse the impact of future bioterrorist attacks. Less than one-hour real-time PCR identification of bacteria and their associated antibiotic resistance genes will revolutionize the practice of medicine.
Appendices
Références
- 1. Redmond C, Pearce MJ, Manchee RJ, Berdal BP. Deadly relic of the Great War. Nature 1998; 393: 747-8.
- 2. Christopher GW, Cieslak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM, Jr. Biological warfare. A historical perspective. JAMA 1997; 278: 412-7.
- 3. Montplaisir S. Bioterrorisme : L’heure est-elle seulement pour Bacillus anthracis ? Les Sélections de médecine/sciences 2001 ; 19 : 10-3.
- 4. Rotz LD, Khan AS, Lillibridge SR, Ostroff SM, Hughes JM. Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents. Emerg Infect Dis 2002 ; 8 : 225-30.
- 5. Sobel J, Khan AS, Swerdlow DL. Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply : the CDC perspective. Lancet 2002 ; 359 : 874-80.
- 6. Torok TJ, Tauxe RV, Wise RP, et al. A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars. JAMA 1997 ; 278 : 389-95.
- 7. Kaufmann AF, Meltzer MI, Schmid GP. The economic impact of a bioterrorist attack : are prevention and postattack intervention programs justifiable? Emerg Infect Dis 1997 ; 3 : 83-94.
- 8. Boissinot M, Bergeron MG. Toward rapid real-time molecular diagnostic to guide smart use of antimicrobials. Curr Opin Microbiol 2002 ; 5 : 478-82.
- 9. Picard FJ, Bergeron MG. Rapid molecular theranostics in infectious diseases. Drug Discov Today 2002 ; 7 : 1092-101.
- 10. Shapiro DS, Schwartz DR. Exposure of laboratory workers to Francisella tularensis despite a bioterrorism procedure. J Clin Microbiol 2002 ; 40 : 2278-81.
- 11. Bergeron MG, Ke D, Menard C, et al. Rapid detection of group B streptococci in pregnant women at delivery. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 175-9.
- 12. Ke D, Menard C, Picard FJ, et al. Development of conventional and real-time PCR assays for the rapid detection of group B streptococci. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 324-31.
- 13. Belanger SD, Boissinot M, Menard C, Picard FJ, Bergeron MG. Rapid detection of Shiga toxin-producing bacteria in feces by multiplex PCR with molecular beacons on the smart cycler. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 1436-40.
- 14. Taylor MT, Belgrader P, Furman BJ, et al. Lysing bacterial spores by sonication through a flexible interface in a microfluidic system. Anal Chem 2001; 73: 492-6.
- 15. Keim P, Smith KL, Keys C, et al. Molecular investigation of the Aum Shinrikyo anthrax release in Kameido, Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 4566-7.
- 16. Niiler E. Bioterrorism-biotechnology to the rescue? Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20: 21-5.
- 17. Asai T, Zaporojets D, Squires C, Squires CL. An Escherichia coli strain with all chromosomal rRNA operons inactivated : complete exchange of rRNA genes between bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 1971-6.
- 18. Leblanc E, Vaillancourt M, Boissinot M, et al. Less than one hour detection of Bacillus anthracis spores and vegetative cells from clinical specimens by fluorescence-based PCR. ASM, 102nd general meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah : ASM, 2002.