Abstracts
Résumé
Il est devenu évident que les modifications post-traductionnelles des histones sont des acteurs majeurs dans les mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle. Il existe quatre types majeurs de modifications des histones: l’acétylation, la méthylation, la phosphorylation et l’ubiquitinylation. Les différentes combinaisons de ces modifications formeraient un code épigénétique qui, une fois lu par des domaines protéiques spécifiques, entraînerait diverses réponses à des endroits précis du génome eucaryote.
Summary
It has become clear that post-translational modifications of histones are key players in the mechanisms of transcriptionnal regulation. There are 4 major types of histone modifications: acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation. Different combinations of these modifications would form an epigenetic code which, once read by specific protein domains, would lead to diverse responses at precise locations within the eukaryotic genome.
Appendices
Références
- 1. Narlikar GJ, Fan HY, Kingston RE. Cooperation between complexes that regulate chromatin structure and transcription. Cell 2002; 108: 475-87.
- 2. Jenuwein T, Allis CD. Translating the histone code. Science 2001; 293: 1074-80.
- 3. Turner BM. Cellular memory and the histone code. Cell 2002; 111: 285-91.
- 4. Roth SY, Denu JM, Allis CD. Histone acetyltransferases. Annu Rev Biochem 2001; 70: 81-120.
- 5. Utley RT, Côté J. The MYST family of histone acetyltransferases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2002; 274: 203-36.
- 6. Suka N, Luo K, Grunstein M. Sir2p and Sas2p opposingly regulate acetylation of yeast histone H4 lysine 16 and spreading of heterochromatin. Nat Genet 2002; 32: 378-83.
- 7. Carrozza MJ, Utley RT, Workman JL, Côté J. The diverse functions of histone acetyltransferase complexes. Trends Genet 2003; 19: 321-9.
- 8. Zhang Y, Reinberg D. Transcription regulation by histone methylation: interplay between different covalent modifications of the core histone tails. Genes Dev 2001; 15: 2343-60.
- 9. Khan AU, Hampsey M. Connecting the DOTs: covalent histone modifications and the formation of silent chromatin. Trends Genet 2002; 18: 387-9.
- 10. Lacoste N, Utley RT, Hunter JM, Poirier GG, Côté J. Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 is a chromatin-specific histone H3 methyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 30421-4.
- 11. Santos-Rosa H, Schneider R, Bannister AJ, et al. Active genes are tri-methylated at K4 of histone H3. Nature 2002; 419: 407-11.
- 12. Bannister AJ, Schneider R, Kouzarides T. Histone methylation: dynamic or static? Cell 2002; 109: 801-6.
- 13. Berger SL. Histone modifications in transcriptional regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002; 12: 142-8.
- 14. Downs JA, Lowndes NF, Jackson SP. A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair. Nature 2000; 408: 1001-4.
- 15. Redon C, Pilch D, Rogakou E, Sedelnikova O, Newrock K, Bonner W. Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002; 12: 162-9.
- 16. Briggs SD, Xiao T, Sun ZW, et al. Gene silencing: trans-histone regulatory pathway in chromatin. Nature 2002; 418: 498.
- 17. Rice JC, Nishioka K, Sarma K, Steward R, Reinberg D, Allis CD. Mitotic-specific methylation of histone H4 Lys 20 follows increased PR- Set7 expression and its localization to mitotic chromosomes. Genes Dev 2002; 16: 2225-30.
- 18. Hassan AH, Prochasson P, Neely KE, et al. Function and selectivity of bromodomains in anchoring chromatin- modifying complexes to promoter nucleosomes. Cell 2002; 111: 369-79.
- 19. Grewal SI, Elgin SC. Heterochromatin: new possibilities for the inheritance of structure. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2002; 12: 178-87.
- 20. Lachner M. Epigenetics: SUPERMAN dresses up. Curr Biol 2002; 12: R434-6.