Abstracts
Abstract
Metaphor is a critical tool for thought. Lying at the heart of every systematic body of knowledge are three root metaphors — mechanism, organism, and mind. Historically, schools of philosophy — realism, naturalism, and idealism — have grown up around these metaphors. The root metaphors and their corresponding philosophies provide the paradigms underlying different exemplars of education. To illustrate how metaphors, paradigms, and exemplars all shape educational thought, the works of three educators — Hunter, Piaget, and Bruner — have been selected.
Résumé
La métaphore constitue un outil fondamental de la pensée. En effet, trois métaphores dites radicales sont au coeur de chacun des systèmes de connaissances structurés : la métaphore mécanique, la métaphore organique et la métaphore spirituelle. Au cours de l’Histoire, le développement de certaines écoles de philosophie telles que le réalisme, le naturalisme et l’idéalisme s’est fait autour de ces métaphores. Les métaphores radicales et les philosophies qui leur sont associées sont à la base des paradigmes autour desquels s’articulent les différents modèles éducationnels. Les travaux de trois théoriciens de l’éducation — Hunter, Piaget et Bruner — ont été choisis pour illustrer la manière dont les métaphores, les paradigmes et les modèles façonnent la pensée pédagogique.
Appendices
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