ror.org/012a77v79
Abstracts
Résumé
Ces dernières années, le soutien parental a gagné en importance dans l’État-providence suédois, tant sur les plans politique que pratique. D’un côté, la parentalité, jugée déterminante pour l’avenir de l’enfant, nécessite connaissances et expertise. De l’autre, les parents sont aussi perçus comme des experts de leur propre enfant. Cet intrigant paradoxe est le sujet de cet article.
Sur la base d’entretiens effectués avec les acteurs du milieu du soutien parental, nous observons que ces derniers peuvent être qualifiés d’« experts réticents » parce qu’ils sont soucieux de respecter l’autonomie des parents et de ne pas paraître paternalistes. Cependant, selon eux, la suppression du rôle d’expert peut également être une stratégie pour attirer davantage de parents et favoriser l’éclosion du « parent compétent ».
Il a été affirmé que l’« expert réticent » et le « parent compétent » ne peuvent être bien compris que si les pratiques de soutien parental sont considérées comme une forme de microtechnologies destinées à gouverner les parents dans un cadre néolibéral, en mettant l’accent sur le contrôle indirect et horizontal de la parentalité et des familles. Nous proposons de conceptualiser cela avec l’expression « gouverner en tant que pairs » (governing as peers). Le cadre néolibéral se caractérise également par le fait que les problèmes et les solutions sont circonscrits aux niveaux individuel et familial, plutôt qu’au niveau structurel, ce qui implique une responsabilisation des parents.
Mots-clés :
- soutien parental,
- experts,
- gouvernementalité,
- gouverner en tant que pairs,
- Suède,
- État-providence
Abstract
In recent years, parenting support has gained traction in the Swedish welfare state in both policy and practice. Parenting is seen as determining child outcomes and are thus in need of knowledge and expertise. Yet, at the same time, parents are conceptualised as experts of their own child. The intriguing paradox between parents being experts while at the same time being in need of parenting support is the topic of this article.
Based on interviews with parenting support actors, we identify that parenting support actors are “reluctant expert”, keen to respect the autonomy of parents and careful not to appear paternalistic. However, according to the parenting support actors interviewed in this study, suppressing the expert role can also be a strategy to attract more parents and to foster the self-realisation of the “competent parent”.
It is argued that the “reluctant expert” and the “competent parent” can only be understood if parenting support practices are viewed as a form of micro-technologies for governing parents within a neoliberal frame, emphasising indirect and horizontal steering of parenthood and families. We propose to conceptualise this as “governing as peers”. Typical for the neoliberal frame is also that both problems and solutions are identified at the individual and family level, rather than the structural level, which infers a responsibilisation of parents.
Keywords:
- parenting support,
- experts,
- governmentality,
- governing as peers,
- Sweden,
- welfare state
Appendices
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