Abstracts
Résumé
Les demandes de financement des femmes entrepreneures restent encore peu explorées par la littérature scientifique. Pour investiguer ce sujet, cette recherche explore les préférences de genre des entrepreneures vis-à-vis des investisseurs et des investisseuses. À travers 29 entretiens narratifs avec des femmes entrepreneures en quête de financement pour leur entreprise, cette recherche met en évidence que ces entrepreneures intègrent des stéréotypes de genre dans leurs perceptions des investisseurs, qu’ils soient hommes ou femmes, et que ces perceptions guident leurs préférences de financement. En s’appuyant sur la théorie de la congruence des rôles de genre, la principale contribution de cette recherche réside dans la révélation de la manière dont ces stéréotypes façonnent et guident leurs préférences de genre selon la congruence ou l’incongruence des rôles qu’elles attribuent aux hommes et aux femmes en tant qu’investisseurs. Elle apporte une perspective novatrice en mettant l’accent sur les perceptions des entrepreneures elles-mêmes concernant les investisseurs, plutôt que sur les perceptions de ces derniers à leur égard. Elle contribue à alimenter le champ de l’entrepreneuriat féminin et de son financement et propose également plusieurs recommandations à destination des pouvoirs publics pour soutenir l’entrepreneuriat féminin.
Mots-clés :
- Entrepreneuriat féminin,
- Financement entrepreneurial,
- Théorie de la congruence des rôles de genre,
- Homophilie de genre,
- Recherche qualitative
Abstract
Les demandes de financement des femmes entrepreneures restent encore peu explorées par la littérature scientifique. Pour investiguer ce sujet, cette recherche explore les préférences de genre des entrepreneures vis-à-vis des investisseurs et des investisseuses. À travers 29 entretiens narratifs avec des femmes entrepreneures en quête de financement pour leur entreprise, cette recherche met en évidence que ces entrepreneures intègrent des stéréotypes de genre dans leurs perceptions des investisseurs, qu’ils soient hommes ou femmes, et que ces perceptions guident leurs préférences de financement. En s’appuyant sur la théorie de la congruence des rôles de genre, la principale contribution de cette recherche réside dans la révélation de la manière dont ces stéréotypes façonnent et guident leurs préférences de genre selon la congruence ou l’incongruence des rôles qu’elles attribuent aux hommes et aux femmes en tant qu’investisseurs. Elle apporte une perspective novatrice en mettant l’accent sur les perceptions des entrepreneures elles-mêmes concernant les investisseurs, plutôt que sur les perceptions de ces derniers à leur égard. Elle contribue à alimenter le champ de l’entrepreneuriat féminin et de son financement et propose également plusieurs recommandations à destination des pouvoirs publics pour soutenir l’entrepreneuriat féminin.
Keywords:
- Women’s entrepreneurship,
- Entrepreneurial financing,
- Gender role congruence theory,
- Gender homophily,
- Qualitative research
Appendices
Références
-
Adie (2022). Femmes et cheffes d’entreprise (dossier de presse). Paris, ADIE.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Adom, K. et Anambane, G. (2019). Understanding the role of culture and gender stereotypes in women entrepreneurship through the lens of the stereotype threat theory. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12(1), 100‑124.10.1108/JEEE-07-2018-0070 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Aernoudt, R. et De San José, A. (2020). A gender financing gap : fake news or evidence ? Venture Capital, 22(2), 127‑134.10.1080/13691066.2020.1747692 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595‑621.10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Aristei, D. et Gallo, M. (2016). Does gender matter for firms’ access to credit ? Evidence from international data. Finance Research Letters, 18(3), 67-75.10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.002 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ashmore, D. et Del Boca, K. (1981). Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. Dans D.L. Hamilton (dir.), Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergoup behavior (p. 1-35). Erlbaum, Hillsdalle.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ayache, M. et Dumez, H. (2011). Le codage dans la recherche qualitative une nouvelle perspective ? Le Libellio d’AEGIS, 7(2), 33-46.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence : an essay on psychology and religion. Chicago, Rand McNally.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Balachandra, L., Briggs, T., Eddleston, K. et Brush, C. (2019). Don’t pitch like a girl ! : how gender stereotypes influence investor decisions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 43(1), 116-137.10.1177/1042258717728028 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Basiglio, S., De Vincentiis, P., Isaia, E. et Rossi, M. (2022). Women-led firms and credit access. A gendered story ? Italian Economic Journal, 9(1), 199-233.10.1007/s40797-021-00180-1 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bellier, A. et Cheffou, I. (2019). Investissements et projets entrepreneuriaux face aux stéréotypes de genre. Revue management & avenir, 108(1), 43-62.10.3917/mav.108.0043 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bernard, M.C., Breton, H. et Jouet, E. (2021). Récits de vie et savoirs : enjeux des enquêtes narratives. Recherches qualitatives, 40(2), 1-11.
10.7202/1084064ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Billings, B. (2022). Investors’ response to the #MeToo movement : does corporate culture matter ? Review of Accounting Studies, 1(1), 1‑41.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Borel, P. et Soparnot, R. (2020). De l’autocensure professionnelle ou quand les femmes sont prétendues responsables des inégalités qu’elles subissent. Revue Interdisciplinaire Management, Homme & Entreprise, 40(3), 68-78.10.3917/rimhe.040.0068 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Boulton, J., Shohfi, D. et Zhu, P. (2019). Angels or sharks ? The role of personal characteristics in angel investment decisions. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(4), 1280‑1303.10.1111/jsbm.12409 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bpifrance (2024). Volet « femmes ». Indice entrepreneurial français 2024 : un engagement sans faille des femmes dans l’entrepreneuriat. Paris, Bpifrance.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brush, C., Greene, P., Balachandra, L. et Davis, A. (2018). The gender gap in venture capital – progress, problems, and perspectives. Venture Capital, 20(2), 115-136.10.1080/13691066.2017.1349266 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Burrick, D. (2010). Une épistémologie du récit de vie. Recherches qualitatives, 1(8), 7‑36.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Byrne, J., Fattoum, S. et Diaz Garcia, C. (2019). Role models and women entrepreneurs : entrepreneurial superwoman has her say. Journal of Small Business Management, 57(1), 154‑184.10.1111/jsbm.12426 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Cardella, M., Hernández-Sánchez, R. et Sánchez-García, C. (2020). Women entrepreneurship : a systematic review to outline the boundaries of scientific literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(2020), 1-18.10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01557 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Carrington, C. (2006). Women entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(2), 83-94.10.1080/08276331.2006.10593360 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Cavalluzzo, S., Cavalluzzo, C. et Wolken, D. (2002). Competition, small business financing, and discrimination : evidence from a new survey. The Journal of Business, 75(4), 641-679.10.1086/341638 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Clarke, J. et Holt, R. (2017). Imagery of ad-venture : understanding entrepreneurial identity through metaphor and drawing. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(5), 476‑497.10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.06.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Coleman, S. et Cohn, R. (2000). Small firms’ use of financial leverage : evidence from the 1993 national survey of small business finances. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 87-103.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Coleman, S. et Robb, A. (2009). A comparison of new firm financing by gender : evidence from the Kauffman firm survey data. Small Business Economics, 33(4), 397-411.10.1007/s11187-009-9205-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Corbin, J. et Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.10.4135/9781452230153 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Delory-Momberger, C. (2019). Vocabulaire des histoires de vie et de la recherche biographique. Toulouse, Éditions Érès.10.3917/eres.delor.2019.01.0233 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Dodd, D. et de Konig, A. (2015). Enacting, experimenting and exploring metaphor methodologies in entrepreneurial. Dans H. Neergaard, C.M. Leitch (dir.), Handbook of qualitative research techniques and analysis in entrepreneurship (p. 331-358). Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.10.4337/9781849809870.00015 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Dumez, H. (2012). Qu’est-ce que la recherche qualitative ? Le Libellio d’AEGIS, 7(4), 47-58. 10.3917/dec.caill.2012.01.0058 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Eagly, A. et Karau, S. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598.10.1037//0033-295X.109.3.573 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Eagly, A., Nater, C., Miller, D., Kaufmann, M. et Sczesny, S. (2020). Gender stereotypes have changed : a cross-temporal meta-analysis of US public opinion polls from 1946 to 2018. American Psychologist, 75(3), 301‑315.10.1037/amp0000494 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Eagly, A. et Wood, W. (2012). Social role theory. Dans A. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski, E. Higgins (dir.), Handbook of theories of social psychology. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.10.4135/9781446249222.n49 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Edelman, L.F., Donnelly, R., Manolova, T. et Brush, C. (2018). Gender stereotypes in the angel investment process. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 134-157.10.1108/IJGE-12-2017-0078 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Egbo, P., Ezeaku, H., Igwemeka, E. et Okeke, M. (2020). Financial literacy and access : revisiting the bridges and barriers to women entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Amazonia Investiga, 9(1), 436-444.10.34069/AI/2020.29.05.48 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Empow’Her (2017). WomenAct : femmes et entrepreneuriat social en France (enquête). Paris, Empow’Her.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ewens, M. et Townsend, R.R. (2020). Are early stage investors biased against women ? Journal of Financial Economics, 135(3), 653-677.10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.07.002 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Femmes Business Angels (2022). Livre blanc no 2. Investissement et actionnariat féminins, leviers d’un monde plus durable. Paris, Femmes Business Angels.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
FitzGerald, C., Martin, A., Berner, D. et Hurst, S. (2019). Interventions designed to reduce implicit prejudices and implicit stereotypes in real world contexts : a systematic review. BMC Psychology, 7(1), 29.10.1186/s40359-019-0299-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Flory, J., Leonard, K.L., Tsaneva, M. et Vasilaky, K. (2023). How social structure shapes female competition throughout her lifetime. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 216(2023), 433‑456.10.1016/j.jebo.2023.10.023 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Foss, L., Henry, C., Ahl, H. et Mikalsen, G.H. (2019). Women’s entrepreneurship policy research : a 30-year review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 409‑429.10.1007/s11187-018-9993-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gafni, H., Marom, D., Robb, A. et Sade, O. (2021). Gender dynamics in crowdfunding (kickstarter) : evidence on entrepreneurs, backers, and taste-based discrimination. Review of Finance, 25(2), 235‑274.10.1093/rof/rfaa041 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
García, M.-C. et Welter, F. (2013). Gender identities and practices : interpreting women entrepreneurs’ narratives. International Small Business Journal, 31(4), 384-404.10.1177/0266242611422829 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gertsberg, M. (2022). The unintended consequences of #MeToo : evidence from research collaborations. SSRN, 1(1), 1-84.10.2139/ssrn.4105976 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gioia, D. (2021). A systematic methodology for doing qualitative research. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57(1), 20‑29.10.1177/0021886320982715 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gioia, D.A., Corley, K.G. et Hamilton, A.L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research : notes on the gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31.10.1177/1094428112452151 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Glaser, G. et Strauss, L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory : strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, Aldine.10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Glidja, J. (2020). Les déterminants du succès de l’entrepreneuriat féminin au Bénin, le rôle modérateur de l’appui institutionnel : cas de la WBPC. Gestion 2000, 36(2), 39‑59.10.3917/g2000.362.0039 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2022). France, situation de l’activité entrepreneuriale (rapport national). Paris, GEM.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Greenberg, J. et Mollick, E. (2017). Activist choice homophily and the crowdfunding of female founders. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(2), 341-374.10.1177/0001839216678847 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Guillemette, F., Luckerhoff, J., Plouffe, M.-J. et Fall, O.T. (2021). La recherche qualitative : une analyse du vécu humain. Clarification conceptuelle à partir de nos recherches avec des personnes marginalisées. Enjeux & société, 8(1), 10‑35.10.7202/1076534ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Hebert, C. (2018). Mind the gap : gender stereotypes and entrepreneur financing. SSRN, 0(0),1-74.10.2139/ssrn.3318245 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
HSBC (2019). She’s the business (enquête). Paris, HSBC.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Infogreffe (2024). Les femmes et l’entrepreneuriat en France en 2023. Récupéré le 1er février 2025 sur le site : https://www.infogreffe.fr/actualites/barometre-infogreffe---les-femmes-et-l-entrepreneuriat-en-2023. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Insee (2023). Les entreprises en France. Récupéré le 1er février 2025 sur le site : https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7681078. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Jennings, J.E. et Tonoyan, V. (2022). Research on gender stereotyping and entrepreneurship : suggestions for some paths worth pursuing. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 12(3), 187‑212.10.1515/erj-2022-0235 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Jernberg, F., Lindbäck, A. et Roos, A. (2020). A new male entrepreneur ? Media representation of male entrepreneurs before and after #MeToo. Gender in Management : An International Journal, 35(2), 211‑224.10.1108/GM-01-2019-0004 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Johnson, M.A., Stevenson, R.M. et Letwin, C.R. (2018). A woman’s place is in the… start-up ! Crowdfunder judgments, implicit bias, and the stereotype content model. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(6), 813-831.10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.04.003 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kanze, D., Huang, L., Conley, M.A. et Higgins, E.T. (2018). We ask men to win and women not to lose : closing the gender gap in start-up funding. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 586‑614.10.5465/amj.2016.1215 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kark, R., Yacobovitz, N., Segal‐Caspi, L. et Kalker‐Zimmerman, S. (2023). Catty, bitchy, queen bee or sister ? A review of competition among women in organizations from a paradoxical‐coopetition perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 0(0), 1-29.10.1002/job.2691 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kuwabara, K. et Thébaud, S. (2017). When beauty doesn’t pay : gender and beauty biases in a peer-to-peer loan market. Social Forces, 95(4), 1371-1398.10.1093/sf/sox020 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kwapisz, A. et Hechavarría, M. (2018). Women don’t ask : an investigation of start-up financing and gender. Venture Capital, 20(2), 159‑190.10.1080/13691066.2017.1345119 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Legrand, M. (1993). L’approche biographique. Théorie, méthode, pratiques. Paris, Éditions Desclée de Brouwer.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Leitch, C., Welter, F. et Henry, C. (2018). Women entrepreneurs’ financing revisited : taking stock and looking forward. New perspectives on women entrepreneurs and finance. Venture Capital, 20(2), 103‑114.10.1080/13691066.2018.1418624 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lim, Y. et Suh, S. (2019). Where is my partner ? The role of gender in the formation of entrepreneurial businesses. Small Business Economics, 52(1), 131‑151.10.1007/s11187-018-0027-3 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Malmström, M., Johansson, J. et Wincent, J. (2017). Gender stereotypes and venture support decisions : how governmental venture capitalists socially construct entrepreneurs’ potential. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(5), 833-860.10.1111/etap.12275 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Marlow, S. et Swail, J. (2014). Gender, risk and finance : why can’t a woman be more like a man ? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(1-2), 80-96.10.1080/08985626.2013.860484 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L. et Cook, J.M. (2001). Birds of a feather : homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415-444.10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Mijid, N. (2015). Why are female small business owners in the United States less likely to apply for bank loans than their male counterparts ? Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 27(2), 229‑249.10.1080/08276331.2015.1012937 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Miles, M. et Huberman, M. (2003). Analyse des données qualitatives. Louvain-la-Neuve, Éditions De Boeck Supérieur.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ministère chargé de l’Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, et de la Lutte contre les discriminations (2023). Toutes et tous égaux. Plan interministériel pour l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes 2023-2027 (dossier de presse). Paris, Ministère chargé de l’Égalité entre les femmes et les fommes et de la Lutte contre les discriminations.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Mohammadi, A. et Kourosh Shafi, K. (2018). Gender differences in the contribution patterns of equity-crowdfunding investors. Small Business Economics, 50(2), 275-287.10.1007/s11187-016-9825-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Muravyev, A., Talavera, O. et Schäfer, D. (2009). Entrepreneurs’ gender and financial constraints : evidence from international data. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(2), 270-286.10.1016/j.jce.2008.12.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Orser, B. (2022). Building back better through feminist entrepreneurship policy. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 14(4), 468‑488.10.1108/IJGE-05-2022-0089 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Pei, X. (2021). Covert resistance beyond #MeToo : mobile practices of marginalized migrant women to negotiate sexual. Information, Communication & Society, 1(1), 1‑19.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Pham, T. et Talavera, O. (2018). Discrimination, social capital, and financial constraints : the case of Viet Nam. World Development, 102(3), 228-242.10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.10.005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Philibert, M., Gagné, A., Blanchette, É. et Chamberland, L. (2018). Représentations sociales du genre chez de jeunes adultes québécois : analyse exploratoire de la validité du Bem sex-role inventory. Service social, 63(2), 132‑142.10.7202/1046504ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Poczter, S. et Shapsis, M. (2018). Gender disparity in angel financing. Small Business Economics, 51(1), 31-55.10.1007/s11187-017-9922-2 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Pratt, M. (2009). From the editors. For the lack of a boilerplate. Tips on writing up (and reviewing) qualitative research. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 1‑16.10.5465/amj.2009.44632557 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Prentice, A. et Carranza, E. (2002). What women should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be : the contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4), 269-281.10.1111/1471-6402.t01-1-00066 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Sanséau, P.Y. (2005). Les récits de vie comme stratégie d’accès au réel en sciences de gestion : pertinence, positionnement et perspectives d’analyse. Recherches qualitatives, 25(2), 33-57.10.7202/1085411ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Sczesny, S., Nater, C. et Eagly, H. (2019). Agency and communion : their implications for gender stereotypes and gender identities. Dans A. Abele, B. Wojciszke (dir.), Agency and communion in social psychology (p. 103-116). New York, Taylor & Francis.10.4324/9780203703663-9 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Serwaah, P. et Shneor, R. (2021). Women and entrepreneurial finance : a systematic review. Venture Capital, 23(4), 291‑319.10.1080/13691066.2021.2010507 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Sista et BCG (2022). Start-up françaises : les équipes mixtes grandes gagnantes des levées de fonds (3e édition du baromètre Sista et BCG sur les conditions d’accès au financement des femmes dirigeantes de start-up). Paris, Sista et BCG.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Sista et Eldorado (2023). Parité : les levées de fonds en France en 2022. Paris, Sista et Eldorado.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Snellman, K. et Solal, I. (2022). Does investor gender matter for the success of female entrepreneurs ? Gender homophily and the stigma of incompetence in entrepreneurial Finance. Organization Science, 1(1), 1‑20.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
St-Pierre, J. et Fadil, N. (2018). Finance entrepreneuriale et réalité des PME : une enquête internationale sur les connaissances et les pratiques académiques des chercheurs. Management international, 20(2), 52‑68.10.7202/1046562ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Tabassum, N. et Nayak, S. (2021). Gender stereotypes and their impact on women’s career progressions from a managerial perspective. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 10(2), 192‑208.10.1177/2277975220975513 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Tinkler, E., Whittington, K., Ku, M. et Davies, A. (2015). Gender and venture capital decision-making : the effects of technical background and social capital on entrepreneurial evaluations. Social Science Research, 51(6), 1-16.10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.12.008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Villaseca, D., Navío-Marco, J. et Gimeno, R. (2021). Money for female entrepreneurs does not grow on trees : start-up financing implications in times of Covid-19. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(4), 698‑720.10.1108/JEEE-06-2020-0172 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Vincent-Ponroy, J. et Chevalier, F. (2018). Chapitre 9. Les récits de vie. Dans F. Chevalier (dir.), Les méthodes de recherche du DBA (p. 158-175). Caen, Éditions EMS.10.3917/ems.cheva.2018.01.0158 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Wallmeroth, J., Wirtz, P. et Groh, A.P. (2018). Venture capital, angel financing, and crowdfunding of entrepreneurial ventures : a literature review. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 1‑29.10.1561/0300000066 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (2023). Mobilizing for systemic change (rapport annuel). Washington, Word Bank Group.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Women Initiative Fondation / BNP Paribas (2018). Étude 2018 sur la diversité entrepreneuriale et les stéréotypes de genre.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Yang, S., Kher, R. et Newbert, L. (2020). What signals matter for social start-up ? It depends : the influence of gender role congruity on social impact accelerator selection decisions. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(2), 1-22.10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.03.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar