ror.org/051escj72
Abstracts
Résumé
En utilisant l’échelle BMS-10 (burnout measure short, version composée de dix éléments) mesurant le burnout, il est montré que son niveau a augmenté et sa composition a changé chez les dirigeants propriétaires de PME françaises pendant la pandémie de Covid-19. Sept échantillons indépendants de propriétaires de petites entreprises collectés sur une période allant de 2012 à fin avril 2020 (un mois après le début du premier confinement en France) sont étudiés. Avant la pandémie, la hiérarchie des éléments est en grande partie la même avec les sentiments d’être fatigué, d’être déçu et d’en avoir marre qui se positionnent comme les trois plus importants. Pendant la pandémie, une nouvelle hiérarchie émerge, dont les deux éléments les plus importants sont les sentiments d’impuissance et d’être coincé. Cela indique une nouvelle forme d’épuisement d’empêchement. Deux leçons peuvent être tirées. Tout d’abord, les autorités gouvernementales et sanitaires doivent être conscientes du risque d’épuisement professionnel croissant des dirigeants propriétaires de PME pendant la crise de la Covid-19 et, en particulier, lors des épisodes de confinement. Deuxièmement, en supposant qu’un propriétaire de PME peut être confronté à une situation d’incapacité, due à un accident ou à une maladie, les institutions d’assurance maladie devraient être alertées sur la possibilité de mettre en place de nouveaux services d’écoute et d’accompagnement afin d’éviter la détérioration de la santé mentale liée à l’épuisement d’empêchement. Cette évolution semble si grave et spécifique que le terme « syndrome d’épuisement d’empêchement » est proposé.
Mots-clés:
- Confinement,
- Burnout,
- Syndrome d’épuisement d’empêchement,
- Dirigeants propriétaires de PME,
- Sentiment d’impuissance,
- Covid-19,
- France
Abstract
Using the BMS-10 scale (Burnout Measure Short version composed of ten éléments) it is shown that its level increased and its composition changed in French SME owners-managers from before to during the Covid-19 pandemic. Seven independent samples of SME owners-managers collected over a period from 2012 to the end of April 2020 (one month after the start of the first lockdown in France) are investigated. Before the pandemic the hierarchy of éléments is largely the same with feelings of being tired, of disappointment with people and of exhaustion (“I’ve had it”) as the three most important ones. During the pandemic a new hierarchy appears with feelings of helplessness and being trapped as the two most important éléments. This points at an unprecedented form of impediment exhaustion. Two lessons can be drawn. First of all, the governmental and health authorities should be aware of the risk of an increasing burnout for SME owners-managers during the Covid-19 crisis and in particular during lockdown episodes. Secondly, by assuming that a SME owner-manager can be confronted with a situation of incapacity, due to an accident or an illness, pension and health insurance institutions should be alerted about the option to set up novel consultation and support services in order to prevent the deterioration of mental health related to impediment exhaustion. This development seems so severe and so specific that the term impediment exhaustion syndrome is proposed.
Keywords:
- Lockdown,
- Burnout,
- Impediment exhaustion syndrome,
- SME owners-managers,
- Feeling of helplessness,
- Covid-19,
- France
Resumen
Utilizando la escala BMS-10 (Burnout Measure Short version compuesta por diez ítems), se muestra que el nivel ha aumentado y su composición ha cambiado en los dirigentes-propietarios de PyME francesas durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Se investigan siete muestras independientes de dirigentes-propietarios de PyME recopiladas durante un período desde 2012 hasta finales de abril de 2020 (un mes después del inicio del primer confinamiento en Francia). Antes de la pandemia, la jerarquía de los elementos era en gran medida la misma, con sentimientos de fatiga (me siento fatigado), decepción (me siento decepcionado) y cansancio («estoy harto») clasificados como los tres más importantes. Durante la pandemia, una nueva jerarquía emerge cuyos dos elementos más importantes son la sensación de impotencia y de estancamiento. Esto apunta a una forma sin precedentes de agotamiento de impedimento. De este episodio, pueden sacarse dos enseñanzas. En primer lugar, las autoridades gubernamentales y sanitarias deben ser conscientes del riesgo de agotamiento profesional creciente de los dirigentes-propietarios de PyME durante la crisis de Covid-19 y, en particular, durante los episodios de confinamiento. En segundo lugar, asumiendo que el dirigente-propietario de PyME pueda estar confrontado a una situación de incapacidad, debido a un accidente o una enfermedad, se debe alertar a las instituciones de seguridad social sobre la posibilidad de establecer nuevos servicios de consulta y apoyo para prevenir el deterioro de la salud mental relacionado con el agotamiento por impedimento. Este desarrollo parece tan severo y específico que se propone el término síndrome de agotamiento por impedimento.
Palabras clave:
- Confinamiento,
- Síndrome de burnout,
- Síndrome de agotamiento por impedimento,
- Dirigentes-propietarios de PyME,
- Sentimiento de impotencia,
- Covid-19,
- Francia
Appendices
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