Abstracts
Résumé
Souvent présenté comme un mode de financement alternatif, le financement participatif – ou crowdfunding – est devenu une source potentielle de levée de fonds pour les jeunes entreprises innovantes. Cependant, les recherches permettant d’identifier les caractéristiques des entreprises qui ont recours à ce mode de financement sont rares. Cet article compare les caractéristiques de 3 groupes de jeunes entreprises innovantes : ayant recours au financement participatif, celles qui ont eu recours à des levées de fonds plus traditionnelles (capital-risque, anges d’affaires) et qui n’ont pas levé de fonds. Suivant Walthoof-Borm, Schwienbacher et Vanacker (2018), et sur la base d’un échantillon de 4 450 entreprises innovantes de moins de cinq ans, la recherche identifie les facteurs influençant le recours à la foule par les jeunes entreprises innovantes l’année de la levée de fonds. Les résultats laissent apparaître que les entreprises ayant recours au financement participatif ont une performance inférieure en termes de chiffre d’affaires, un niveau de dette supérieur et moins d’actifs incorporels que les entreprises ayant levé des fonds par d’autres moyens. Néanmoins, de faibles différences existent entre les entreprises ayant recours au financement participatif et celles qui n’ont pas levé de fonds.
Mots-clés:
- Financement participatif (Crowdfunding),
- Jeunes entreprises innovantes,
- Performance,
- Levée de fonds
Abstract
Usually appreciated as an alternative, the crowdfunding is becoming an increasing funding source. However, research on the distinctive characteristics of the young innovative business ventures that resort to crowdfunding remains relatively scares and vague. Following Walthoof-Borm, Schwienbacher et Vanacker (2018), our contribution sheds light on these characteristics by comparing 4450 less than 5 years old French innovative ventures regarding their financing sources pooled in three categories: 1) debt and funders initial equity, 2) fundraising from ventures capital and business angels and 3) crowdfunding. Our study provides evidence that crowdfunded innovative new ventures are less effective regarding the turnover, are smaller, have excessive debt level and account for less intangible assets with respect to the set of firms funded by venture capital and business angels. However, only few differences are noticed relative to the set of firms which did not raise funds.
Keywords:
- Crowdfunding,
- Innovative new venture,
- Performance,
- Fundraising
Resumen
Generalmente apreciada como una alternativa, el crowdfunding se está convirtiendo en una fuente de financiamiento creciente. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre las características distintivas de los jóvenes emprendimientos innovadores que recurren al crowdfunding sigue siendo relativamente alarmante y vaga. Siguiendo a Walthoof-Borm, Schwienbacher et Vanacker (2018), nuestra contribución arroja luz sobre estas características al comparar 4450 empresas innovadoras francesas de menos de 5 años con respecto a sus fuentes de financiamiento, incluyendo deuda y capital inicial de los financiadores, recaudación de fondos de empresas de capital, angeles o business angels y crowdfunding. Nuestro estudio proporciona evidencia de que las nuevas empresas innovadoras financiadas por crowdfunding son menos efectivas con respecto a las otras, son más pequeñas, tienen un nivel de deuda excesivo y representan menos activos intangibles con respecto al conjunto de empresas financiadas por capital de riesgo y ángeles empresariales. Sin embargo, solo se notan pocas diferencias en relación con el conjunto de empresas que no recaudaron fondos.
Palabas clave:
- Crowdfunding,
- Nuevas empresas innovadoras,
- Rendimientos financiaros,
- Obtención de capital
Appendices
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