L’expérience migratoire est-elle une source de potentialités pour l’entrepreneur ? Le cas marocain

Dokou, Gérard; Philippart, Pascal; Karbouai, Khalid

doi:https://doi.org/10.7202/1049963ar

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Résumé

L’objectif de cet article est de situer le niveau des potentialités de l’entrepreneur migrant de retour par rapport à celles de son homologue local. Une synthèse des principaux travaux relatifs aux paradigmes des traits et des faits de l’entrepreneur a permis d’asseoir le concept de potentialités entrepreneuriales. Le corpus théorique obtenu est complété par l’approche basée sur les ressources, étendue au modèle de l’entrepreneur effectuel.

Ce corpus théorique est relayé par le questionnaire adapté de Gasse qui a été administré à un échantillon de 393 entrepreneurs marocains MRE (40 %) et locaux (60 %). Les MRE sont les Marocains résidents à l’étranger revenus au Maroc pour créer leur entreprise. Les locaux sont ceux qui résident depuis toujours au Maroc et qui sont entrepreneurs. Les 393 questionnaires sont soumis aux techniques multidimensionnelles d’analyse de données approfondies. Les résultats obtenus confirment notre hypothèse initiale : le niveau des potentialités de l’entrepreneur migrant de retour est plus élevé que celui de l’entrepreneur local. De tels résultats font émerger des leviers originaux pouvant alimenter les dispositifs d’accompagnement endogènes. Ces mêmes résultats conduisent à la constitution d’une approche intégrative de l’entrepreneuriat de l’émigration de retour associant les paradigmes des traits, des faits et des processus.

Mots-clés:

Entrepreneur,
Potentialités entrepreneuriales,
Migrant de retour,
Expérience migratoire,
Traits,
faits et processus entrepreneuriaux

Abstract

The aim of this article is to find out what level of potentialities migrant entrepreneurs have when they come back home as compared to their local peers. A synthesis of the main research projects about characteristics and actions of entrepreneurs has led us to establish the concept of entrepreneurial potentialities. The theoretical corpus thus obtained is completed by a resource-based approach extended to the effectual entrepreneur model.

This theoretical corpus is supported by the revised Gasse survey, which has been given out to a sample of 393 Moroccan entrepreneurs, shared as LAM (40%) and Locals (60%).The LAM are the Living Abroad Moroccans, coming back to Morocco to settle their own company. The Locals are those who have always lived in Morocco and who are entrepreneurs. The 393 surveys are submitted to multi-dimensional and in-depth data analysis techniques. The results obtained confirm our initial hypothesis: living abroad Moroccans have a higher level of potentialities than local entrepreneurs when coming back home. Such results highlight new parameters that could help with internal support programmes. Those results lead to a more global approach of returning migration entrepreneurship, an approach that brings together fact-, action – and process – paradigms.

Keywords:

Entrepreneur,
Entrepreneurial potentialities,
Returns migrants,
Migratory experience,
Entrepreneurial facts characteristics and processes

Resumen

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en localizar el nivel de las potencialidades del emprendedor migrante de vuelta a su país en relación con su homólogo local. Una síntesis de las principales obras relativas a los paradigmas de los rasgos y de los hechos del emprendedor ha permitido sentar el concepto de las potencialidades emprendedores. Este corpus teórico así obtenido se complementa con el enfoque basado con los recursos expendidos al modelo del emprendedor efectúale.

Este corpus teórico se releva con el cuestionario adaptado por Gasse que fue administrado a una muestra de 393 emprendedores marroquí MRE (40%) y los locales (60%). Los MRE son los marroquí residentes en el extranjero regresados a Marruecos para establecer su empresa. Los locales son ellos que han siempre vivido en Marruecos y que son emprendedores. Los 393 cuestionarios están sometidos a las técnicas multidimensionales de análisis de datos ampliados. Los resultados confirman nuestro hipótesis inicial: el nivel de potencialidades del emprendedor migrante de vuelta es más elevado que el del emprendedor local. Tales resultados hacen emerger palancas originales que pueden alimentar los dispositivos de acompañamiento endógenas. Estos mismos resultados llevan a la constitución de un enfoque integrativo de la creación de empresa de la emigración retornados asociando los paradigmas de los rasgos, de los hechos y de los procesos.

Palabras clave:

Emprendedor,
Potencialidades,
creaciones de empresa,
Migrantes de vuelta,
Experiencia migratoria,
Rasgos Hechos Procesos de creación de actividad

Appendices

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