Abstracts
Résumé
De nombreuses études empiriques s’intéressent à l’efficacité de l’accompagnement à l’exportation. Cependant, l’absence d’un instrument de mesure validé de l’accompagnement à l’exportation rend difficile la comparaison de leurs résultats. Les auteurs soulignent par conséquent la nécessité d’élaborer une échelle de mesure qui puisse être réemployée dans les futures études. Cet article s’inscrit dans cette perspective et vise à répondre à la problématique suivante : comment mesurer l’accompagnement à l’exportation dont a bénéficié l’entreprise ? Pour cela, nous nous appuyons sur le paradigme de Churchill (1979) afin de proposer une échelle de mesure qui tient compte à la fois de la nature et de l’intensité de l’accompagnement à l’exportation. Dans ce cadre, une étude empirique a été menée auprès de 288 PME françaises accompagnées. Les résultats confirment la multidimensionnalité de l’accompagnement à l’exportation au travers de quatre dimensions : la formation, la prospection, la mise en réseaux et le soutien financier. Chacune d’entre elles est appréciée par un ensemble d’items reflétant les services d’accompagnement à l’exportation accessibles aux entreprises. L’emploi de cet outil de mesure offre aux chercheurs comme aux pouvoirs publics la possibilité de mieux apprécier l’influence spécifique des différents types d’accompagnement à l’exportation.
Mots-clés :
- Accompagnement à l’exportation,
- Échelle de mesure,
- PME,
- Paradigme de Churchill
Abstract
Many empirical studies focus on the effectiveness of export support. However, the lack of a validated measurement instrument of export support makes it difficult to compare their results. The authors emphasize the need to develop a scale that can be reused in future studies. In this perspective, this article aims to answer the following problem : how to measure the use of export support services by the firm ? For this, we rely on the paradigm of Churchill (1979) to propose a scale that takes into account both the nature and the intensity of export support. In this framework, an empirical study was conducted among 288 French SMEs. The results confirm the multidimensionality of export support through four dimensions : training, prospecting, networking and financial support. Each is assessed by a set of items reflecting the export support services available to SMEs. The use of this measurement tool offers researchers as public authorities the possibility to better assess the specific influence of different types of export support.
Keywords:
- Export support,
- Measurement scale,
- SMEs,
- Churchill’s paradigm
Resumen
Muchos estudios empíricos se centran en la eficacia del apoyo a la exportación. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un instrumento de medición validada de la ayuda a la exportación hace que sea difícil comparar sus resultados. Por tanto, los autores hacen hincapié en la necesidad de desarrollar una escala que puede ser reutilizado en futuros estudios. En esta perspectiva, este artículo pretende responder a la siguiente problema : ¿ cómo medir el apoyo a la exportación que goza la empresa ? Para ello, nos basamos en el paradigma de Churchill (1979) para desarrollar una escala que tiene en cuenta tanto la naturaleza y la intensidad del apoyo a la exportación. En este marco, un estudio empírico se realizó entre 288 franceses PyMEs. Los resultados confirman la multidimensionalidad de apoyo a la exportación a través de cuatro dimensiones : la formación, la prospección, de redes y de apoyo financiero. Cada uno es evaluada por un conjunto de elementos que reflejan el apoyo a la exportación disponible para las empresas. El uso de esta herramienta de medición ofrece a los investigadores como a las autoridades públicas la posibilidad de evaluar mejor la influencia específica de los diferentes tipos de apoyo a la exportación.
Palabras clave:
- Apoyo a la exportación,
- Escala de medición,
- PyMEs,
- Churchill paradigma
Appendices
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