Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article présente la mise à l’épreuve de la cartographie des concepts comme méthode intégrative d’étude d’un écosystème entrepreneurial dans lequel des dirigeants-entrepreneurs de microentreprises et leurs accompagnateurs s’interrogent sur les actions à mettre en place pour dynamiser et densifier l’activité entrepreneuriale d’une région. La cartographie des concepts est une approche mixte (qualitative et quantitative) ascendante (bottom-up), participative et de groupe. Elle comprend des techniques de groupes de discussions et d’analyses statistiques multivariées (analyse d’échelonnement multidimensionnel, classification ascendante hiérarchique). Les participants, dirigeants-entrepreneurs (n = 25) et accompagnateurs (n = 12), ont classé par piles d’idées semblables et coté l’importance et la faisabilité de 82 énoncés d’actions. La carte des concepts obtenue constitue une représentation systémique partagée d’interrelations et d’interdépendances complexes entre les domaines d’intervention qui composent l’écosystème entrepreneurial à l’étude. La mise en place de cette démarche permet d’établir un certain nombre de constats, sur trois plans, quant à sa pertinence dans l’étude d’un écosystème entrepreneurial. Au plan conceptuel, les résultats montrent leur adéquation avec le cadre d’analyse de l’écosystème entrepreneurial de référence et la possibilité de semi-régularités empiriques permettant la généralisation des résultats. Au plan théorique, les construits latents obtenus de la carte des concepts peuvent aider à approfondir les réflexions au sujet des variables endogènes et des facteurs exogènes liés à ces actions. La mise à l’épreuve de la cartographie des concepts apporte également une contribution au plan managérial, puisqu’elle permet de mesurer l’importance et la faisabilité perçue des actions proposées. L’ensemble de ces résultats apporte une meilleure compréhension des grands thèmes d’actions que les dirigeants, au sein de leur microentreprise, et les accompagnateurs au service du développement entrepreneurial, peuvent mettre en place.
Mots-clés :
- Développement entrepreneurial,
- Écosystème entrepreneurial,
- Accompagnement entrepreneurial,
- Cartographie des concepts en groupe
Abstract
This paper presents an evaluation of the group concept mapping technique as an integrative method, in the study of an entrepreneurial ecosystem where microenterprises and business support providers are considering actions to be taken to energize and densify the entrepreneurial activity within a region. Group concept mapping is a bottom up and participatory mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). It makes use of group discussions and multivariate statistical techniques (multidimensional scaling, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis). Participants, managers-entrepreneurs (n = 25) and members of business support groups (n = 12) sorted and rated a set of 82 action statements for importance and feasibility. The concept map obtained is a shared conceptual framework, that is, a systemic representation of complex interrelationships and interdependencies amongst intervention domains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem examined. The use of this approach allows for a number of observations, on three fronts, about its relevance in the study of an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Conceptual front, the results show their adequacy with the entrepreneurial ecosystem concepts, hence the possibility of empirical semi-regularities for results generalization. On the theoretical front, the latent constructs obtained from the concept mapping results help deepen our understanding about endogenous variables and exogenous factors related to entrepreneurial actions. The evaluation of the group concept mapping method contributes a number of managerial implications, as it provides measures of the perceived importance and feasibility of proposed actions. The results of this evaluation foster a better understanding of the major themes of actions entrepreneurs, within their microenterprises, and business support providers may put into place to support entrepreneurial development.
Keywords:
- Entrepreneurial development,
- Entrepreneurial ecosystem,
- Entrepreneurial support,
- Group concept mapping
Resumen
En este artículo se hace una evaluación de la técnica de mapas conceptuales de grupos como método integrador para el estudio de los ecosistemas emprendedores en donde las empresas muy pequeñas y otros intermediarios de apoyo empresarial llevan a cabo un curso de acciones que al adoptarse dinamizan y densifican la actividad emprendedora en una región. Los mapas conceptuales de grupo es un método de análisis mixto de tipo de abajo hacia arriba (bottom-up) y participativo (cualitativo y cuantitativo). Esta técnica utiliza grupos de discusión y métodos estadísticos multivariantes (escalamiento multidimensional y análisis jerárquicos de conjuntos). Los participantes, gerentes-emprendedores (n = 25) y miembros de grupos de apoyo a empresas (n = 12), son ordenados y clasificados dentro de un conjunto de 82 planteamientos de acciones en relación a su importancia y factibilidad. El mapeo conceptual que se obtiene en este análisis es un marco conceptual compartido, es decir, una representación sistemática de interrelaciones complejas e interdependencias del ecosistema emprendedor examinado. El uso de este enfoque en este estudio genera información acerca de la relevancia de un ecosistema emprendedor. Conceptualmente, los resultados muestran la pertinencia del análisis del ecosistema emprendedor de referencia y la posibilidad de establecer semi-regularidades empíricas para la generalización de los resultados. Por la parte teórica, las variables latentes obtenidas a partir de los resultados de mapas conceptuales ayudan a profundizar el entendimiento de las variables endógenas y los factores exógenos relacionados con estas acciones. La evaluación de los mapas conceptuales permite obtener una serie de implicaciones de gestión, ya que proporciona medidas de la importancia percibida y la viabilidad de las acciones propuestas. Los resultados de esta evaluación permiten una mejor comprensión de los principales temas de las acciones emprendedoras y proveen apoyo para las empresas al permitirles poner en marcha ciertos apoyos para el desarrollo emprendedor.
Palabras clave:
- Desarrollo emprendedor,
- Ecosistema emprendedor,
- Soporte Emprendedor,
- Mapas conceptuales de grupos
Appendices
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