Abstracts
Résumé
Perçu comme une des contraintes majeures au développement et à la croissance, l’accès au crédit bancaire demeure une question d’actualité dans la formulation des politiques de promotion et d’encadrement de la PME. En effet, non seulement la PME est souvent caractérisée par une certaine nébulosité dans sa gestion, mais elle est aussi parfois incapable de présenter des éléments de garantie exigés par les banques. Le capital social est de plus en plus évoqué comme un instrument à même de réduire les coûts de transaction des banques dans la surveillance de leurs clients et, par conséquent, devrait amoindrir les désavantages de l’asymétrie d’information. Ainsi, en se situant dans un environnement caractérisé par de fortes asymétries d’information à l’instar de l’Afrique, cette étude examine l’aptitude du capital social à faciliter l’accès au crédit bancaire de la PME camerounaise. Les tests empiriques effectués à partir du modèle Logit multinomial sur la base d’un échantillon de 413 PME, font ressortir un effet positif et significatif de l’indice du capital social sur l’octroi du crédit bancaire, quel que soit le terme. Globalement, l’aptitude du capital social à faciliter l’accès au crédit bancaire passe par la réduction du degré d’opacité de la PME aux yeux du banquier.
Mots-clés :
- Asymétrie d’information,
- Capital social,
- Financement bancaire,
- PME camerounaises
Abstract
Perceived as one of the main constraints to growth and development, access to credit remains an up to date issue in the design of policies aiming at the promotion and framing of SMEs. Often, SMEs are not only characterized by a flaw management process, sometimes they are incapable to provide-elements of collaterals fitting the requirements of banks. Social capital is more and more referred to as an instrument likely to reduce the transaction costs of banks in their monitoring process over their clients and, consequently it is seen as having a high potential of lessening the disadvantages associated to informational asymmetries. Therefore, building on a context of high information asymmetries, this study examines the aptitude of social capital to facilitate access to banking credit for Cameroonian SMEs. Based on a sample of 413 SMEs, a multinomial Logit model confirms a positive and significant effect of the index of social capital in the explanation of access to credit, irrespective of the term of the credit. Globally, the aptitude of social capital to ease the constraint of access to credit passes through the fact that, for the bankers, it serves as a factor that reduces the degree of opacity in the management of SMEs.
Keywords:
- Information asymmetric,
- Social capital,
- Bank financing,
- Cameroonian SMEs
Resumen
Percibida como una de las mayores coacciones al desarrollo y al crecimiento, el acceso al crédito bancario queda un asunto de actualidad en la formulación de las políticas de promoción y de encuadramiento de la pequeña y de media empresa (PyME). En efecto, no sólo la PyME es a menudo caracterizada por una cierta nebulosidad en su gestión, pero a veces es también incapaz presentar elementos de garantía exigidos por las bancas. El capital social es cada vez más presentado como un instrumento capaz de disminuir los costes de transacción de las bancas en la vigilancia de sus clientes y, por consiguiente, debería aminorar las desventajas situándose en un entorno caracterizado por fuertes asimetrías de información a ejemplo de África, este estudio examina la aptitud del capital social en facilitar el acceso al crédito bancario de la pequeña y de media empresa camerunesa. Las pruebas empíricas realizadas a partir del modelo Logit multinomial en la base de una muestra de 413 PyME, se destacan un efecto positivo y significativo del índice del capital social en el acceso al crédito bancario cual que sea el término. Globalmente, la aptitud del capital social en facilitar el acceso al crédito bancario pasa por la reducción del grado de opacidad de la PyME a la mirada del banquero.
Palabras clave:
- Asimetría de información,
- Capital social,
- Financiación bancaria,
- Pequeñas y medias empresas camerunesas
Appendices
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