Abstracts
Résumé
Mueller (2004) démontre que les intentions entrepreneuriales des femmes sont moindres que celles des hommes surtout dans les pays en voie de développement. Qu’en est-il dans un pays en économie de transition, comme l’Égypte ? Tout en relançant le questionnement de Mueller (2004), cette étude articule une comparaison sexuée et une approche genrée pour mieux comprendre le rôle des rapports hommes/femmes dans la formation de l’intention entrepreneuriale féminine dans une culture donnée. Grâce à une recherche quantitative menée en 2010 auprès de 320 étudiants égyptiens francophones au Caire, les auteurs ont pu démontrer que les étudiantes égyptiennes ont fortement le désir d’entreprendre et de concrétiser assez rapidement leurs projets, qu’elles sont assez confiantes dans leurs compétences à créer et conscientes des obstacles qu’elles rencontreront. La recherche révèle également certaines ambivalences des projets entrepreneuriaux des jeunes égyptiennes liées aux rapports de genre. Notre recherche complète ainsi les conclusions de Mueller (2004) et Langowitz et Minitti (2007). Nous pouvons arguer du fait que dans un pays en économie de transition le déséquilibre des motivations entrepreneuriales des femmes et des hommes est limité.
Mots-clés :
- Intention entrepreneuriale,
- genre,
- entrepreneuriat féminin,
- culture,
- Égypte
Abstract
Mueller (2004) demonstrates that women’s entrepreneurial intentions are lower than those of men especially in developing countries. What about a country in an economy of transition, such as Egypt?, Furthering Mueller’s exploration, we try to articulate in this paper a sex-based comparison and a gender-based approach to better understand the difference between male and female entrepreneurial intentions in the Egyptian culture. Thanks to a quantitative research led in 2010 among 320 French-speaking Egyptian students in Cairo, we are able to demonstrate that female Egyptian students have a strong desire to undertake and to implement rather quickly their projects. Also, they are quite confident in their entrepreneurial skills and aware of obstacles that they will meet. Nevertheless, the study reveals certain Egyptian male students’ ambivalences towards their entrepreneurial future that unveil a set of important gender issues. Therefore, the present study completes Mueller’s (2004) and Langowitz and Minitti (2007) conclusions, we can argue then that in a developing country, the imbalance between men and womens’ entrepreneurial motivations is limited.
Keyword:
- Entrepreneurial intention,
- gender,
- women entrepreneurship,
- culture,
- Egypt
Resumen
Mueller (2004) demuestra que la intención emprendedora en las mujeres es menor que en los hombres, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo. ¿Qué ocurre en un país con una economía de transición como Egipto? Al mismo tiempo que relanza la problemática de Mueller (2004), este artículo expone una comparación según el sexo y un enfoque según el género para comprender mejor el papel de las relaciones hombres/mujeres en el nacimiento de la intención emprendedora en mujeres de una cultura dada. Gracias a una investigación cuantitativa realizada en 2010 entre 320 estudiantes egipcios francófonos de El Cairo, pudimos demostrar que las estudiantes egipcias tienen un fuerte deseo de crear empresas y de concretar rápidamente sus proyectos, que tienen suficiente confianza en sus capacidades para crear y que son conscientes de los obstáculos que encontrarán. La investigación revela también ciertas ambivalencias de los proyectos de creación de empresas de las jóvenes egipcias vinculadas al género. Nuestra investigación completa de esta manera las conclusiones de Mueller (2004) y Langowitz y Minitti (2007). Podemos argumentar que en los países con economías de transición, el desequilibrio de la motivación emprendedora entre hombres y mujeres es limitado.
Palabras clave:
- Intención emprendedora,
- género,
- emprendedurismo femenino,
- cultura,
- Egipto
Appendices
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