Abstracts
Résumé
L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les nouvelles formes de stratégies d’implantation des nouvelles techniques dans les PME. Ces techniques complexes et très intégrées dans les organisations nécessitent des investissements intellectuels (formation, R-D, communication) pour être réussies. Il s’agit ici de montrer les formes de cette relation pour décrire et expliquer les modalités de réussite des stratégies technologiques des PME. Un modèle de recherche est proposé, centré sur l’apprentissage organisationnel et faisant apparaître le rôle du style de gestion du dirigeant et la nature des performances des PME. Le modèle est vérifié par des études quantitatives et qualitatives conduites auprès des PME de la région PACA.
Mots-clés :
- PME,
- Dirigeant,
- Formation,
- Communication,
- Innovation,
- Apprentissage organisationnel,
- Performances,
- Environnement,
- Nouvelles techniques
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the forms of new technological investment in small business units. New technologies are complex and embodied in organizations, needed intangible assets. The paper shows the different forms of this relation between technologies and intangible assets; it is also possible to describe technological strategies in SMEs. The relation is designed around explanatory’s variables and becomes as an organizational learning. The pattern is evaluated by quantitative and qualitative data and guided on 100 SMEs. Three technological strategies are proposed.
Resumen
El objecto de este articulo es estudiar las nuevas formas de estrategias de implantación de nuevas tecnologías en las PyMEs. Estas tecnologías complejas y muy integradas en las organizaciones solo pueden tener éxito si se acompanan de inversiones intelectuales (formacion, investigación y desarrollo, communicacion). Se trata de presentar las formas de esta relación para describir y explicar las modalidades de éxito de dichas estrategias tecnológicas. Se propone un modelo de investigación basado en ei aprendizaje organizational y que hace resaltar el impacto del tipo de gestión des dirigente y los tipos de resultados obtenidos. El modelo se valida con estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos en cien empresas. Tres estrategias tecnológicas se pueden proponer.
Appendices
Bibliographie
- AFRIAT, C. (1992), «Pour une reconnaissance de l'investissement intellectuel», Revue Française de Gestion. 10.1002/smj.4250100107 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ARGYRIS, C. et D. SCHÖN (1978), Organizational Learning, Don Mills, Ontario, Addison Wesley. 10.1002/smj.4250121008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BATESON, G. (1977), Vers une écologie de l'esprit, Paris, Seuil. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BlRLEY, S. et P. WESTHEAD (1990), «Growth and performance contrasts between types of small firms », Strategic Management Journal, vol. 11. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BOAG, D. et A. DASTMALCHIAN (1988), «Market vulnerability and the design and management of marketing function in small firms », Journal of Small Business Management, octobre. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BOUCHET, H. (1989), «L'investissement intellectuel», Conseil Économique et Social, JO de la République française. 10.1002/smj.4250110705 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BRYMAN, A. (1984), «The debate about quantitative and qualitative research: a question of method or epistemology?», The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 35, n° 1. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CARTER, N. (1990), «Small firm adaptation», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 33, n° 2. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CASPAR, P. (1988), «L'investissement intellectuel », Revue d'Économie Industrielle, n°43. 10.2307/590553 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CHICHA, J., M. MARCHESNAY et P.A. JULIEN (1989), «Processus et procédures stratégiques dans les PME», Internationales Gewerbearchiv. 10.2307/256327 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CLERC, A. et C. LE BAS (1988), La PME face au défi productique, Lyon, PUL. 10.3406/rei.1988.1012 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CORIAT, B. (1990), L'atelier et le robot, Paris, Édition Bourgeois. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- COVIN, J. et D. SLEVIN (1989), « Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environment», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 10. 10.1002/smj.4250100107 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DENIS, J.L.et F. CHAMPAGNE (1990), «Pour comprendre le changement dans les organisations», Gestion, février. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ÉCOLE DE LANCASTER, voir M. Easterby-Smith (1989), «Is your company able to learn?», dans M. Pedler (1989), The Need of Self-learning Organizations as Part of an Overall Business/Management Strategy, Compte rendu, Université de Lancaster. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FILION, L.J. (1989), «Le développement d'une vision, un outil stratégique à maîtriser», Gestion. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FIOL, M. et M. LYLES (1985), «Organizational learning», Academy of Management Review, vol. 10, n° 4. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FREDERICKSON, J. (1985), «Effects of decision motive and organizational performance level on strategic decision processes», Academy of Management Journal, vol. 28, n° 4. 10.2307/258048 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GAGNÉ, R. (1970), The Condition of Learning, New York, Rinehart et Winston. 10.2307/256239 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GOLDHAR, J. et M. JELINEK (1985), «Management et nouvelles technologies», Harvard L'Expansion, automne. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GRINYER, P. et P. MCKIERNAN (1990), «Generating major change in stagnating companies », Strategic Management Journal, vol. 11. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GUILHON, A. (1993), Étude de la relation entre le changement organisationnel et l'investissement intellectuel dans les PME, Thèse de doctorat NR Sciences de gestion de l'Université de Montpellier I, octobre. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GUILHON, A., B. GUILHON et D. PEGUIN (1994), «Innovation et exportation: quelle compatibilité pour les PME?», Revue Internationale PME, vol. 7, n° 2. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HARI DAS, T. (1983), «Qualitative research in organizational behavior», Journal of Management Studies, vol. 20, n° 3.
10.7202/1008390ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HREBINIACK, L. et W. JOYCE (1985), «Organizational adaptation: a strategic choice and environmental determinism», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 30. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1983.tb00209.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JULIEN, P.A. (1992), «Technologie et compétitivité des PME», Rapport sur la technologie et la compétitivité des PME, Paris, OCDE. 10.2307/2392666 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JULIEN, P.A. et J.C. THIBODEAU (1991), Nouvelles technologies et économie, Québec, Les Presses de l'Université Laval. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JULIEN, P.A. et R. JACOB (1993), PME: bilan et perspectives, Paris, Economica et Québec, Les Presses Inter Universitaires, chapitre 6. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JULIEN, P.A., J.B. CARRIÈRE et L. HÉBERT (1988), «Les facteurs de diffusion et de pénétration des nouvelles technologies dans les PME québécoises», Revue internationale PME, vol. 1, n° 2. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KALIKA, M. (1988), Structures d'entreprises, Paris, Economica. 10.7202/1007881ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LANT, T. et S. MEZIAS (1990), «Managing discontinuous change: a simulation study of organizational learning and entrepreneurship», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 11. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LAWLER, E., D. NADLER et C. CAMMAN (1980), Organizational Assessment, Londres, Wiley Series on Organizational Assessment and Change. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LAWRIE, J. (1990), «Training», Personnel Journal, octobre. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LE BAS, C. (1989), «La stratégie d'automatisation des PME», Revue Sciences de Gestion, n° 13. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MARCHESNAY, M. (1988), La petite entreprise, Paris, Vuibert. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MARTINET, B. et J.M. RIBAULT (1988), La veille technologique, concurrentielle et environnementale, Paris, Éditions d'Organisation. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MORGAN, G. (1989), Images de l'organisation, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MORIN, J. (1989), L'excellence technologique, Édition Picollec. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- PETERSON, R. (1989), «Small business adoption of the marketing concept vs other business strategies », Journal of Small Business Management, janvier. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- PORTER, M. (1991), «Toward a dynamic theory of strategy », Strategic Management Journal, vol. 12. 10.1002/smj.4250121008 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RAVIX, A. (1988), «Les comportements d'innovation dans l'artisanat de production industrielle», Revue internationale PME, vol. 1, nos 3-4. 10.7202/1007885ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SCHWENK, C. (1988), «The cognitive perspective on strategic decision making», Journal of Management Studies, vol. 25, n° 1. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1988.tb00021.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SESSI (1991), «Les PMI: chiffres clés», Rapport du Plan, Ministère de l'Équipement et de l'Industrie. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SORGE, A. (1990), «An essay on technical change: its dimensions and social and strategic context», Organization Studies, vol. 10, n° 1. 10.1177/017084068901000102 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TUSHMAN, M. et E. ROMANELLI (1985), «Organizational evolution», Research in Organizational Behavior, vol. 7. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TUSHMAN, M. et D. NADLER (1989), «Beyond the charismatic leader, leadership and organizational change», California Management Review. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WATZLAWICK, P. (1975), Changements, paradoxes et psychothérapie, Paris, Points Seuil. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ZAMMUTO, R. et K. CAMERON (1985), « Environmental decline and organizational response», Research in Organizational Behavior, vol. 7. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar