Abstracts
Abstract
As a communicative activity, argumentation has been characterized as a specific type of speech act. In the analysis of the speech act of arguing, I have distinguished two illocutionary levels: one related to the speaker’s utterance and the other related to the communicative exchange involving the speaker and the interlocutor. In this article, I argue that these two levels are associated with the speaker’s meaning and the joint meaning, respectively. The two-level analysis of meaning makes it possible to account for cases in which commitment attributions are at stake and that may, as a result, give rise to a special form of discursive injustice.
Keywords:
- commitment attribution,
- joint meaning,
- normative effects,
- speaker's meaning,
- speech act of arguing
Résumé
Parfois, nous discutons à propos de chats ou de l'existence d'un plus grand nombre premier. D'autres fois, nous discutons d'arguments. Dans ce cas, nous nous engageons dans une méta-argumentation. La plupart des descriptions de méta-argumentation dans la littérature l'abordent rétrospectivement : nous méta-argumentons sur des arguments déjà avancés. Ce faisant, nous pouvons trouver des méta-raisons de rejeter un argument par ailleurs valable, entre autres. Cet article aborde la méta-argumentation dans l'autre sens, c'est-à-dire de manière prospective. Pour illustrer ce concept, nous explorons des cas où l'on a des méta-raisons de formuler intentionnellement de mauvais arguments, ou, dans d'autres cas, où l'on argumente sans argumenter du tout, mais en communiquant de manière non argumentative pour étayer d'autres arguments. Nous appelons ces derniers cas des para-arguments.
Appendices
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