Abstracts
Abstract
Biocultural Community Protocols (BCPs) are environmental governance mechanisms for biodiversity that aim to establish, at the local community level, a normative framework for the central themes discussed in the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (biodiversity conservation, traditional knowledge, prior and informed access, benefit sharing, agro-biodiversity conservation, etc.). Taking into account the Guna history about the idea of biocultural diversity, but also the specificities of the Guna political system, this article aims to shed light on the local implementation of this type of protocol in the indigenous territory of Guna Yala (Panama).
We thus show that, despite the active role played by Gunas experts at the international, national, and regional levels, the Gunas have not adopted BCP's. Due to the pre-existence of research regulation mechanisms in GunaYala, but also to a certain mistrust of global environmental governance, the Guna authorities have for the time being not considered the BCP’s as being relevant enough. Beyond this particular example of unfinished institutionalization, BCPs must be understood as a localized mechanism serving the advancement of the more general idea of biocultural diversity.
Keywords:
- Guna people,
- Panama,
- Convention on Biological Diversity,
- Indigenous knowledge,
- community biocultural protocols,
- environmental governance
Appendices
Bibliography
- Agrawal, A. (2005). Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11sn32g
- Albert, B. (1993). L’Or cannibale et la chute du ciel Une critique chamanique de l’économie politique de la nature (Yanomami, Brésil). L’Homme, 33(126), 349‑378. https://doi.org/10.3406/hom.1993.369644
- Aubertin, C., Nivart, A., & Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (France) (Éds.). (2021). La nature en partage: Autour du protocole de Nagoya. IRD éditions, Institut de recherche pour le développement. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.40350
- Carneiro da Cunha, M. (2009). “Culture” and culture: Traditional knowledge and intellectual rights. Prickly Paradigm Press.
- Carrier, J. G., & West, P. (Éds.). (2013). Virtualism, governance and practice : Vision and execution in environmental conservation. Berghahn Books.
- Castillo, B. (2018). La comarca de Tulenega de 1871 como antecedente en la construcción de la autonomía Guna en Panamá. [Master’s thesis.,Universidad de Panamá].
- Chapin, M. (1983). Curing among the San Blas Kuna of Panama [Doctoral dissertation University of Arizona].
- Chen, C. W., & Gilmore, M. (2015). Biocultural rights: A new paradigm for protecting natural and cultural resources of Indigenous communities. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2015.6.3.3
- Cobb, R. W., & Ross, M. H. (Eds.). (1997). Cultural strategies of agenda denial: Avoidance, attack, and redefinition. University Press of Kansas.
- Conklin, B. A., & Graham, L. R. (1995). The shifting middle ground: Amazonian Indians and eco-politics. American Anthropologist, 97(4), 695‑710. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1995.97.4.02a00120
- Descola, P. (2005). Par-delà nature et culture. Gallimard.
- Faivre, A. (2012). L’ésotérisme. Presses Universitaires de France. https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.faivr.2012.01
- Filoche, G., & Foyer, J. (2011). La bioprospection au Brésil et au Mexique, un eldorado?. Entre instabilité des pratiques et permanence des représentations. Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances, 5, 2(2), 234‑259. https://doi.org/10.3917/rac.013.0234
- Foyer, J. (2008). Diversité naturelle et culturelle face aux défis des biotechnologies: Enjeux et controverses au Mexique. [Doctoral dissertation, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III].
- Foyer, J. (2011). Les multiples politiques de la diversité bio-culturelle: Entre modernités alternatives et rhétorique instrumentale. In C. Gros & D. Dumoulin Kervran (Eds.), Le multiculturalisme au concret (pp. 373-389). Presse de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.psn.696
- Foyer, J., & Dumoulin Kervran, D. (2017). Objectifying traditional knowledge, re-enchanting the struggle against climate change. In A. Stefan, F. Jean, & M. Edouard (Eds.), Globalising the Climate. COP21 and the climatisation of global debates (pp. 1-20). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315560595-9
- Foyer, J., & Ellison, N. (2018). Conserver les maïs mexicains. La diversité bio-culturelle et ses ambiguïtés. Études rurales, 202(2), 120‑139. https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.15306
- Girard, F., Hall, I., & Frison, C. (Eds.). (2022). Biocultural rights, Indigenous peoples and local communities: Protecting culture and the environment. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003172642
- Girard, F., & Rakotondrabe, M. (2022). Biocultural community protocols and boundary work in Madagascar. In F. Girard, I. Hall, & C. Frison, Biocultural rights, Indigenous Peoples and local communities (pp. 241‑267). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003172642-12
- Hayden, C. (2003). When nature goes public: The making and unmaking of bioprospecting in Mexico. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691216362
- Herrera, H., Limnio, I., Alvarado, A., & Valiente, A. (2006). Conocimiento Kuna, biodiversidad y propiedad intelectual. Congreso General Kuna, Fundación Dobbo Yala.
- Howe, J. (2011). Chiefs, scribes, and ethnographers: Kuna culture from inside and out. University of Texas Press.
- Howe, J. (2013, octobre 27). Antropologia como autodefensa. La Prensa. https://www.prensa.com/Antropologia-autodefensa_0_3785621439.html
- Martínez Mauri, M. (2008). Figuras intermedias, identidades ambivalentes. Alteridad, mezclas y mediadores en Kuna Yala (Panamá). In V. Stolcke, & A. Coello, Identitades ambivalentes en América Latina (siglos XVI-XXI), Editorial Bellaterra, Bellaterra, pp. 229-245.
- Martinez Mauri, M. (2009). Ruben Pérez Kantule : La diplomatie autochtone avant les ONG à Kuna Yala (Panama). In B. Bosa & E. Wittersheim (Eds.), Luttes autochtones, trajectoires postcoloniales (pp. 243-265). Karthala. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262004833_Ruben_Perez_Kantule_la_diplomatie_autochtone_avant_les_ONG_a_Kuna_Yala_Panama
- Mosse, D. (2005). Cultivating development: An ethnography of aid policy and practice. Pluto Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fs4st
- Nordenskiöld, E., & Pérez Kantule, R. (1938). An historical and ethnological survey of the Cuna Indians. AMS Press.
- Posey, D. (Ed.). (1999). Cultural and spiritual values of biodiversity. Intermediate Technology. https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780445434
- Raby, M. (2017). American tropics: The Caribbean roots of biodiversity science. The University of North Carolina Press. https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635606.001.0001
- Revet, S. (2021). Les droits du fleuve. Polyphonie autour du fleuve Atrato en Colombie et de ses Gardiens. Sociétés Politiques Comparées - Revue européenne d’analyse des sociétés politiques, 52. https://doi.org/10.4000/terrain.22695
- de Sardan, J.P.O. (2005). Anthropology and development: Understanding contemporary social change. Zed Books.
- Sauls, L. A. (2020). Becoming fundable? Converting climate justice claims into climate finance in Mesoamerica’s forests. Climatic Change, 161(2), 307‑325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02624-1
- Teran, M. Y. (2016). The Nagoya Protocol and Indigenous Peoples. The International Indigenous Policy Journal, 7(2), Art. 2. https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2016.7.2.6
- Ulloa, A. (2004). La construcción del nativo ecológico: Complejidades, paradojas y dilemas de la relación entre los movimientos indígenas y el ambientalismo en Colombia. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia (ICANH),Colciencias.
- Waga, A. (2000). En defensa de la vida y su armonía. Congreso General Guna. Indiana University
- Wallbott, L. (2014). Indigenous Peoples in UN REDD+ negotiations: “Importing power” and lobbying for rights through discursive interplay management. Ecology and Society, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06111-190121