Abstracts
Résumé
Depuis de nombreuses années, à travers les pays industrialisés, les organisations de tous les secteurs cherchent des stratégies pour améliorer leur productivité ainsi que la qualité de leur environnement de travail. Ce défi a d’ailleurs été amplifié par la pandémie reliée au coronavirus COVID-19 (Fontinha, 2021). Cette nouvelle réalité a amené les organisations à se réinventer pour demeurer compétitives. Parmi les solutions considérées, la semaine de travail de quatre jours retient l’attention des organisations et de la communauté scientifique (Sng et al., 2021). Or, malgré l’aspect prometteur de ce modèle et une poignée d’études sur le sujet, il semble difficile d'obtenir un aperçu clair de ses retombées sur les travailleurs en raison d'un état de la documentation épars et fragmenté. À la lumière de cette situation, la présente étude vise à brosser un portrait des diverses retombées individuelles connues jusqu’à présent de cette modalité de travail. Pour ce faire, la présente recherche s’appuie sur la méthode en cinq étapes de la scoping study, proposée par Arksey et O’Malley (2005) : (1) définition de la question de recherche ; (2) identification des données documentaires pertinentes ; (3) sélection des données documentaires ; (4) classification des données ; (5) analyse, synthèse et présentation des résultats. Sur un potentiel de 2183 écrits, 22 écrits empiriques, théoriques et pratiques ont été compilés et analysés. De cette analyse, cinq grandes catégories regroupant à la fois des retombées positives et négatives ont été dégagées : la productivité, la santé psychologique, l’interface travail-vie personnelle, les relations interpersonnelles et la satisfaction générale. En plus de sensibiliser les organisations aux effets de cette nouvelle alternative de travail, cette étude offre des pistes intéressantes de recherche et d’action aux chercheurs et praticiens désirant maximiser les effets positifs de cette modalité de travail prometteuse.
Mots-clés :
- Semaine de travail de quatre jours,
- Retombées individuelles,
- Modalité alternative du travail,
- Flexibilité,
- Scoping study
Abstract
Across industrialized countries, organizations from all sectors have been looking for strategies to improve their productivity and the quality of their work environment. This challenge has been magnified by the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19 (Fontinha, 2021). In the face of this new reality, organizations have had to reinvent themselves to remain competitive. Among proposed solutions, the four-day work week has received considerable attention from organizations and the scientific community (Sng et al., 2021). However, despite the promising aspect of this model and a handful of studies on the subject, it remains difficult to obtain a clear understanding of its implications on workers because of the scattered and fragmented state of the literature. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a clear picture of the variety of individual consequences studied so far regarding this type of work arrangement. The present paper is based on Arskey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step methodology for conducting scoping studies: (a) defining of the research question; (b) identifying the applicable documentary data; (c) selecting documentary data; (d) classifying data; and (e) analyzing and presenting the results. Out of a potential of 2183 records, 22 empirical, theoretical, and practical articles were compiled and analyzed. From this analysis, five broad categories encompassing both positive and negative implications were identified: productivity, mental health, work-life balance, interpersonal relationships, and overall satisfaction. In addition to making organizations aware of the effects of this new working alternative, this study sheds light on new avenues for research and action for researchers and practitioners wishing to maximize the positive effects of this promising working arrangement.
Keywords:
- Four-day work week,
- Individual consequences,
- Work arrangements,
- Flexibility,
- Scoping study
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Appendices
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