Abstracts
Abstract
Aboriginal youth in Canada need mental health services that address culture as an integral component of treatment. Suffering and oppression caused by colonialism have led to collective distress among Aboriginal peoples and continue to impede the health and wellness of children. Counsellors have an ethical responsibility to recognize culture as an important construct that may influence a client’s healing and treatment preferences. Play therapy is a promising therapeutic approach that allows counsellors to utilize developmentally appropriate theoretical orientations and methods in treatment; however, current literature fails to provide adequate direction and guidelines for culturally competent practice. Counsellors can assume an active role in ensuring that all components of counselling are conducted in a culturally sensitive manner. More research is needed in this area, but this article explores cultural considerations that could be relevant to a child and family accessing play therapy services.
Keywords:
- Aboriginal peoples,
- play therapy,
- multicultural counselling
Appendices
Bibliography
- Adelson, N. (2009). Toward a recuperation of souls and bodies: Community healing and the complex interplay of faith and history. In L. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 272-288). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Archibald, L., & Dewar, J. (2010). Creative arts, culture, and healing: Building an evidence base. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 8(3), 1-25.
- Arthur, N., & Collins, S. (2010). Culture-infused counselling (2nd ed.). Calgary, AB: Counselling Concepts.
- Association for Play Therapy (n.d.). Why play therapy? Retrieved from http://a4pt.site-ym.com/?page=WhyPlayTherapy
- Ball, J. (2004) As if indigenous knowledge and communities mattered: Transformative education in First Nations communities in Canada. American Indian Quarterly, 28(3&4), 454-479.
- Blackstock, C. (2008). Reconciliation means not saying sorry twice: Lessons learned from child welfare in Canada. In M.B. Castellano, L. Archiblad, & M. DeGagné (Eds.), From truth to reconciliation: Transforming the legacy of residential schools [online edition] (pp.163-175). Ottawa, ON: Aboriginal Healing Foundation. http://speakingmytruth.ca/downloads/AHFvol1/AHF_TRC_vol1.pdf
- Blue, A., Darou, W., & Ruano, C. (2010). Engaging the elder within. In N. Arthur & S. Collins (Eds.), Culture-infused counselling (2nd ed., pp. 259-284). Calgary, AB: Counselling Concepts.
- Bombay, A., Matheson, K., & Anisman, H. (2014). The intergenerational effects of Indian residential schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51(3), 320-338.
- Boyer, W. (2010). Getting to know O’Conner: Experiencing the ecosystemic play therapy model with urban First Nations people. The Family Journal, 18(2), 202-207. doi:10.1177/1066-480710364090
- Boyer, W. (2011). Using child parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with our First Nations people. International Journal of Play Therapy, 20(1), 38-49.
- Bratton, S., Ray, D., Rhine, T., & Jones, J. (2005). The efficacy of play therapy with children: A meta-analytic review of treatment outcomes. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(4), 376-390.
- Brave Heart, M. (1998). The return to the sacred path: Healing the historical trauma and historical unresolved grief response among the Lakota through a psychoeducational group intervention. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 68(3), 287-305.
- Briggs, R., Silver, E., Krug, L., Mason, Z., Schrag, R., Chinitz, S., & Racine, A. (2014). Healthy steps as a moderator: The impact of maternal trauma on child social–emotional development. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 2(2), 166-175.
- Brown, L. (2009). Cultural competence: A new way of thinking about integration in therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 19(4), 340-353.
- Canadian Psychological Association. (2000). Canadian code of ethics for psychologists (3rd ed.). Retrieved from http://www.cpa.ca/aboutcpa/committees/ethics/codeofethics/
- Ceballos, P., Parikh, S., & Post, P. (2012). Examining social justice attitudes among play therapists: Implications for multicultural supervision and training. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(4), 232-243.
- Collins, S., & Arthur, N. (2010a). Self-awareness and awareness of client cultural identities. In N. Arthur & S. Collins (Eds.), Culture-infused counselling (2nd ed., pp. 67-102). Calgary, AB: Counselling Concepts.
- Collins, S., & Arthur, N. (2010b). Culture-infused counselling: A framework for multicultural competence. In N. Arthur & S. Collins (Eds.), Culture-infused counselling (2nd ed., pp. 45-65). Calgary, AB: Counselling Concepts.
- Comas-Díaz, L. (2011). Multicultural approaches to psychotherapy. In J. D. Norcross, G. R. VandenBos, & D. K. Friedeim (Eds.), History of psychotherapy: Continuity and change (2nd ed., pp. 243-267). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- DeHart, G., Sroufe, L., & Cooper, R. (2004). Child development: Its nature and course (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Evans-Campbell, T. (2008). Historical trauma in American Indian/Native Alaska communities: A multilevel framework for exploring impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(3), 316-338.
- Garrett, M., Torres-Rivera, E., Brubaker, M., Portman, T., Brotherton, D., West-Olatunji, C., Conwill, W., & Grayshield, L. (2011). Crying for a vision: The Native American sweat lodge ceremony as a therapeutic intervention. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(3), 318-325. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/ (ISSN)1556-6678
- Gerlach, A. (2008). “Circle of caring”: A First Nations worldview of child rearing. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(1), 18-25.
- Gil, E. (2006). From sensitivity to competence in working across cultures. In E. Gil & A. A. Drewes (Eds.), Cultural issues in play therapy (pp. 3-25). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Gil, E., & Drewes, A. A. (Eds.). (2006). Cultural issues in play therapy. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Glover, G., & Landreth, G. (2000). Filial therapy with Native Americans on the flathead reservation. International Journal of Play Therapy, 9(2), 57-80.
- Glover, G. (2006). Musings on working with Native American children in play therapy. In E. Gil & A. A. Drewes (Eds.), Cultural issues in play therapy (pp. 3-25). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Gone, J. (2013). Redressing First Nations historical trauma: Theorizing mechanism for indigenous culture as mental health treatment. Transcultural Psychiatry, 50(5), 683-706.
- Graham, J. (2013). Expressive therapy as a treatment preference for Aboriginal trauma. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 11(3), 501-509. Retrieved from http://www.pimatisiwin.com/online/
- Greer, S., & Strand, D. (2012). Cultural landscapes, past and present, and the south Yukon ice patches. Arctic, 65(1), 136-152. Retrieved from http://arctic.ucalgary.ca/publications/arctic-journal
- Hartmann, W., & Gone, J. (2012). Incorporating traditional healing into an urban American Indian health organization: A case study of community member perspectives. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(4), 542-554.
- Health Council of Canada. (2011). Understanding and improving Aboriginal maternal and child health in Canada: Conversations about promising practices across Canada. Retrieved from http://www.healthcouncilcanada.ca/accord.php?mnu=1&mnu1=7
- Hilliard, R. E. (2008). Music and grief work with children and adolescents. In C. Malchodi (Ed.), Creative interventions with traumatized children (pp. 62-80). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Hunter, L., Logan, J., Goulet, J., & Barton, S. (2006). Aboriginal healing: Regaining balance and culture. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17(13), 13-22.
- Janelle, A., Laliberté, A., & Ottawa, U. (2009). Promoting traditions: An evaluation of wilderness activity among First Nations of Canada. Australasian Psychiatry, 17(1), 108-111.
- Kaspar (2014). The lifetime effect of residential school attendance on Indigenous health status. American Journal of Public Health, 104 (11), 2184-2190.
- Kirmayer, L., Brass, G., & Valaskakis, G. G. (2009). Conclusion: healing/intervention/tradition. In L. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 440-472). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Kirmayer, L., Tait, C., & Simpson, C. (2009). The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: Transformations of identity and community. In L. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 3-35). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Kirmayer, L., Brass, G., Holton, T., Paul, K., Simpson, D., & Tait, C. (2007). Suicide among Aboriginal people in Canada. Ottawa, ON: Aboriginal Healing Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.ahf.ca/publications/research-series
- Landreth, G. (2012). Play therapy: The art of the relationship (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Lin, Y., & Bratton, S. (2015). A meta-analytic review of child-centered play therapy approaches. Journal of Counseling & Development, 93(1), 45-58. doi:10.1002/j.15566676.2015.00180.x
- Malchiodi, C. (Ed.). (2008). Creative interventions with traumatized children. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- McCabe, G. (2007). The healing path: A culture and community-derived indigenous therapy model. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 148-160.
- McCormick, R. (2009). Aboriginal approaches to counselling. In L. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 337-354). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Muirhead, A., & de Leeuw, S. (2012). Art and wellness: The importance of art for Aboriginal Peoples’ health and healing. Retrieved form National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health website: http://www.nccah-ccnsa.ca/en/publications.aspx?sortcode=2.8.10&publication=26
- Niezen, R. (2009). Suicide as a way of belonging: Causes and consequences of cluster suicides in Aboriginal communities. In L. Kirmayer & G. G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 178-195). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Penn, S., & Post, P. (2012). Investigating various dimensions of play therapists’ self-reported multicultural counseling competence. International Journal of Play Therapy, 21(1), 14-29.
- Pettifor, J. (2010). Ethics, diversity, and respect in multicultural counselling. In N. Arthur & S. Collins (Eds.), Culture-infused counselling (2nd ed., pp. 45-65). Calgary, AB: Counselling Concepts.
- Ray, D., Lee, K., Meany-Walen, Carlson, S., Carnes-Holt, K., & Ware J. (2013). Use of toys in child-centered play therapy. International Journal of Play Therapy, 22(1), 43-57.
- Reading, C., & Wien, F. (2013). Health inequalities and social determinants of Aboriginal People’s health. Retrieved from National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health website: http://www.nccah-ccnsa.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/46/health_inequalities_EN_web.pdf
- Samson, C. (2009). A colonial double-blind: Social and historical contexts of Innu mental health. In L. Kirmayer & G.G. Valaskakis (Eds.), Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada (pp. 109-139). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Schaefer, C. (2010). Play therapy for preschool children. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Shokouhi, A., Limberg, D., & Armstrong, S. (2014). Counseling preadolescents: Utilizing developmental cues to guide therapeutic approaches. International Journal of Play Therapy, 23(4), 217-230. 8
- Statistics Canada. (2013). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit, National Household Survey, 2011 (Catalogue No. 99-011-X2011001). Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.pdf
- Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4) 477-483.
- Sue, S., Zane, N., Hall, G., & Berger, L. (2009). The case for cultural competency in psychotherapeutic interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(5), 525-548.
- VanFleet, R., Sywulak, A., & Sniscak, C. (2010). Child-centered play therapy. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Yasenik, L., & Gardner, K. (2012). Play therapy dimensions model: A decision-making guide for integrative play therapists. London, UK: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Yousef, D., & Ener, L. (2014). Multicultural considerations in graduate play therapy courses. International Journal of Play Therapy, 23(2), 90-99.