Abstracts
Abstract
The anti-communist armed resistance that occurred as a disparate and heterogeneous movement in Romania from 1944 until 1962 became a highly politicized topic after 1989. Some interpreted this history as an element of the national resistance against Soviet occupation and the ensuing forced communization. Others demonized the partisans (or at least minimized their role) and presented them as outlaws, fascists, and criminals. This essay analyzes the armed resistance and its place within the politics of memory from three interrelated perspectives: 1) as lived experience in the context of post-World War II emergence of communism; 2) it takes a concretely localized perspective; and 3) analyzes these lived experiences as they have been presented in autobiographical accounts heavily influenced by post-1989 anti-communist rhetoric. The article concludes that multiple histories of repression and resistance have so far tended to be incorporated in a master narrative and argues that an approach emphasizing localized lived experience may offer an alternative interpretative framework.
Appendices
Bibliography
- Assman, A. and L. Shortt (2012) (eds.). Memory and Political Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Banu, F. (2006). “Mişcarea de rezistenţă armată anticomunistă din România: între negare şi hiperbolizare” (The Romanian Anticommunist Armed Resistance Movement: between Dismissal and Hyperbole). In Rezistenţa Anticomunistă: Cercetare Ştiinţifică şi Valorificare Muzeală (The Anticommunist Resistance: Scientific Research and Museum Utilization) edited by C. Budeancă, F. Olteanu and I. Pop. Cluj-Napoca: Argonaout: 268-282.
- Bara, G. (2009). “Composeratul Răchiţele, contestat de urmaşii luptătorilor anticomunişti Şuşman” (Răchiţele Common Property: Contested by the Descendants of Şuşman Anticommunist Fighters). Napoca News, (October 9). Accessed July 23, 2015. http://www.napoca.news.ro/2009/10/exclusivcomposesoratul-rachitel-contestat-de-urmasi
- Bejenaru, L. (2003). “Să lupţi pentru a muri” (To Fight and to Die). In Mişcarea armată de rezistenţă anticomunistă din România: 1944-1962 (The Anticommunist Armed Resistance in Romania: 1944-1962), edited by G. Onişoru. Bucharest: Kullusys: 367-399.
- Berger, P. (1963). Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective. New York: Anchor.
- Boldur-Lăţescu, G. (2004). The Communist Genocide in Romania. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
- Ciobanu, M. (2014). “Reconstructing the History of Early Communism and Armed Resistance in Romania.” Europe-Asia Studies, 66(9): 1452-1481.
- Coser, L. A. (1994) (ed.). Maurice Halbwachs: On Collective Memory. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
- Ciuceanu, R. (1996). “Istoria ca un balast” (History as Curse). Arhivele Totalitarimsului, IX: 11-12.
- Dobrincu, D. (2004). “Bucovinenii contra Sovietici: Rezistenţa Armată Antisovietică Anticomunistă din Bucovina (martie-august 1944 - iulie 1946)” (Bukovinians Against the Soviets: the Anticommunist Anti-Soviet Armed Resistance in Bukovina/March-August 1944 - July 1946). Anuarul Institutului de İstorie Orală, V: 124-183.
- Dobrincu, D. (2006). Rezistenţa Armată Anticomunistă din România: 1944- începutul anilor ’60 (The Romanian Anticommunist Armed Resistance: 1944- the Beginning of the 1960’s). PhD Thesis. Faculty of History, University of İaşi, Iaşi.
- Dobrincu, D. (2007). “Rezistenţa armată anticomunistă din Munţii Apuseni” (The Anticommunist Armed Resistance in the Apuseni Mountains). In School of Memory 2006 (Şcoala Memoriei 2006), edited by R. Rusan. Bucharest: Civic Academy Foundation: 240-272.
- Dobrincu, D. (2009). “Historicizing a Disputed Theme: Anti-Communist Armed Resistance in Romania.” In Stalinism Revisited: The Establishment of Communist Regimes in East-CentralEurope, edited by V. Tismăneanu. Budapest, New York: Central European Press: 284-305.
- Gallagher, T. (2005). Theft of a Nation: Romania since Communism. London: C. Hurst & Company.
- Gallinat, A. (2009). “Intense paradoxes of memory: researching moral questions about remembering the socialist past.” History and Anthropology, 20: 183-199.
- Judt, T. (2000). “Preface.” In The Politics of Retribution in Europe:World War II and its Aftermath, edited by I. Deak, J. Gross, and T. Judt. New Jersey, Princeton: Princeton University Press: vii-xii.
- Jurju, L. and C. Budeancă (2002). Suferinţa nu se dă la fraţi (You Cannot Transfer the Pain to Your Brothers). Cluj Napoca: Dacia.
- Kligman, G and K. Verdery (2011). Peasants under Siege: The Collectivization of Romanian Agriculture. 1949-1962. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Light, D. and C. Young (2015a). “Public Space and the Material Legacies of Communism in Bucharest.” In Post-Communist Romania at 25: Linking Past, Present and Future, edited by L. Stan and D. Vancea. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books: 41-62.
- Light, D. (2015b). “Local and Counter-Memories of Socialism in Post-Socialist Romania.” In Local Memories in a Nationalizing and Globalizing World, edited by M. Beyen and B. Deseure. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan: 221-243.
- Luca, I. (2009). “Post-communist Life Writing and the Discourses of History: Vesan Goldsworthy’s Chernobyl Strawberries.” Rethinking History. 13(1): 79-93.
- Megill, A. (1998). “History, Memory, and Identity.” History of the Human Sciences, 11(3): 37-62
- Mungiu, A. (2010). A Tale of Two Villages: Coerced Modernization in the East European Countryside. New York: Central European University Press.
- Nedelcu, C. “O altfel de Elisabeta Rizea: Povestea Anei Simion; Interviu cu Ana Simion” (A different Elisabetea Rizea: The Story of Ana Simion; Interview with Ana Simion). Accessed July 24, 2015. http://memorial.sighet.ro/index.php?view=article&catid=47%3Abreviar-pentru-procesul-comunismului
- Nicolau, I. and T. Niţă (2012). PovesteaElisabetei Rizea din Nucşoara urmată de mărturia lui Cornel Drăgoi (The Story of Elisabeta Rizea of Nucşoara followed by Cornel Drăgoi’s Testimony). Bucharest: Humanitas.
- Ogoranu, I. G. (2009). Brazii se frîng dar nu se îndoaie (Trees can Break but do not Bend). Baia Mare: Marist.
- Olick, J. K. (2007). The Politics of Regret: on Collective Memory and Historical Responsibility. New York: Routledge.
- Onişoru, G. (2003). Mişcarea armată de rezistenţă anticomunistă din România: 1944-1962 (The anticommunist armed resistance in Romania: 1944-1962). Bucharest: Kullusys.
- Oprea, M. (2003), Banalitatea răului. O istorie a Securităţii în documente (The Banality of Evil. A History of Securitate in documents). İaşi: Polirom.
- Passerini, L. (1992) (ed.). Memory and Totalitarianism. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Patrichi, V. (2001). Ochii şi urechile poporului. Convorbiri cu Generalul Nicolae Pleşiţă (The People’s Eyes and Ears. Dialogues with General Nicolae Pleşiţă). Bucharest: Lumea.
- Patrichi, V. (2009). “Teodor Şuşman, erou al luptei anticomuniste din Munţii Apuseni: între legendă şi adevăr.” (Teodor Şuşman: a Hero of the Anticommunist Resistance from the Apuseni Mountains: between Legend and Truth). Gardianul, September 19. Accessed July 23, 2015. www.guardianul.ro/index_blank.php?pag+news, on July 23 2015.
- Petrescu, C. and D. Petrescu (2014). “The Canon of Remembering Romanian Communism.” In Remembering Communism: Private and Public Recollections of Lived Experience in Southeast Europe, edited by M. Todorova, A. Dimou, and S. Troebst. Budapest and New York: Central European University Press: 29-42.
- Petrescu, C. (2013). FromRobin Hood to Don Quixote: Resistance and Dissent in Communist Romania. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică.
- Radosav, D. & al. (2003) (eds.). Rezistenţa Anticomunistă din Apuseni. Grupurile ‘Teodor Şuşman,’ ‘Capotă-Dejeu,’ ‘Cruce şi Spadă’ (The Anticommunist Resistance in the Apuseni. ‘Teodor Şuşman’, Capotă-Dejeu’ and ‘Cross and Sword’ Groups). Cluj Napoca: Argonaut.
- Răchiţeanu, T. and T. Boc (2005). Cazul Şuşman în judecata răchiţenilor (The Şuşman Case in Răchiţeni’s Judgment). Cluj-Napoca: Casa de Editură Napoca.
- Spiridon, R. (2003). “Consideraţii generale asupra unei legende: ‘Mişcarea Naţională de Rezistenţă” (General Considerations Regarding a Legend: the National Resistance Movement). In Mişcarea armată de rezistenţă anticomunistă din România: 1944-1962 (The Anticommunist Armed Resistance in Romania: 1944-1962), edited by G. Onişoru. Bucharest: Kullusys: 335-365.
- Stan, L. (2013). Transitional Justice in Post-Communist Romania. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Tileagă, C. (2012). “Communism and the Meaning of Social Memory: Towards a Critical-Interpretive Approach.” Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 46(4): 475-492.
- Tileagă, C. (2011). “(Re)writing Biography: Memory, Identity, and Textually Mediated Reality in Coming to Terms with the Past.” Culture & Psychology, 17(2): 197-215.
- Tismăneanu, V., D. Dobrincu, and C. Vasile (2007) (eds.). Raport Final: Comisia Prezidenţială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România (Final Report: the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania). Bucharest: Humanitas.
- Todorova. M and Z. Gille (2012) (eds.). Post-Communist Nostalgia. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
- Țăranu, L. and M. Dobre (2006) (eds.). Jurnale din Rezistenţa Anticomunistă: Vasile Motrescu, Mircea Dobre, 1952-1953 (Diaries from the Anticommunist Resistance: Vasile Motrescu, Mircea Dobre, 1952-1953). Bucharest: Nemira.
- Vatamaniuc, G. and O. Fornica (2004). “Destine în Rezistenţă” (Destinies of Resistance). Şcoala Memoriei 2003 (School of Memory 2003), edited by R. Rusan. Bucharest: Fundaţia Academia Civică: 114-133.
- Verdery, K. (1991). National Ideology under Communism: Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceauşescu’sRomania. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Voicu-Arnăuţoiu, R. (2009). Luptătorii din Munţi: Toma Arnăuţoiu Grupul de la Nucşoara. Documente ale Anchetei, Procesului, Detenţiei (The Partisans from the Mountains: Toma Arnăuţoiu Nucşoara Group. Documents of the Interrogation, Trial and Detention. Bucharest: Vremea.
- Winter, J. (2006). Remembering War: the Great War between Memory and History in the Twentieth Century. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.