Abstracts
Abstract
The study of children’s play activities has not only been historically trivialized, but numerous widely held misconceptions about kids, their play, folklore and popular culture continue to persist today despite evidence to the contrary. For example, some adults believe that mass media and popular culture has contributed to the decline of kids’ traditional play activities, while others argue that traditional play objects are being replaced by “media culture artifacts”; however, the child-centred fan-play research I present in this paper reveals that popular culture encourages and activates children’s traditional and creative competences, rather than destroy them. The Harry Potter “phenomenon”, as a contested site where youth struggle for visibility and power, serves as the case study for this paper. Based on ethnographic observation of several local events, surveys, and interviews with child and teenage fans of Harry Potter, I examine several emergent, participatory, fan-play activities (including costuming, role-playing, make-believe and spells) and discuss the many ways children manipulate, appropriate, adapt and combine popular culture and folklore, using both creativity and tradition as expression of their lives, identities and power struggles. I conclude by discussing the heart of contemporary children’s culture and play – the conservative/creative nature of children, hybrid play forms and the activation of traditional and creative competencies in the face of popular culture influences.
Résumé
Non seulement l’étude des activités ludiques des enfants a-t-elle été dévalorisée par le passé, mais de nombreuses idées fausses bien ancrées au sujet des enfants, de leurs jeux, du folklore et de la culture populaire persistent aujourd’hui, malgré l’évidence du contraire. Par exemple, certains adultes croient que les médias de masse et la culture populaire ont contribué au déclin des jeux traditionnels des enfants, tandis que d’autres soutiennent que les jouets traditionnels sont remplacés par des « artefacts de la culture médiatique ». Cependant, la recherche que je présente dans cet article au sujet des jeux d’enfants-fans révèle que la culture populaire encourage et active les compétences créatives traditionnelles des enfants plutôt qu’elle ne les détruit. Le « phénomène » Harry Potter, en tant que site de contestation où les jeunes se battent pour la visibilité et le pouvoir sert d’étude de cas dans cet article. À partir d’observations ethnographiques de plusieurs évènements locaux, de sondages et d’entrevues avec des enfants et des adolescents inconditionnels de Harry Potter, j’examine plusieurs activités émergentes et participatives de « jeux de fans » (y compris les déguisements, les jeux de rôle, les jeux à « faire semblant » et les « abracadabra »), et je discute des nombreuses façons par lesquelles les enfants manipulent, s’approprient, adaptent et combinent la culture populaire et le folklore, en recourant à la fois à la créativité et à la tradition pour exprimer leur vie, leur identité et leurs luttes de pouvoir. Je termine par une discussion sur le coeur de la culture enfantine et des jeux d’enfants contemporains – la nature conservatrice/créatrice des enfants, les formes hybrides de jeu et l’activation des compétences traditionnelles et créatives devant les influences de la culture populaire.
Appendices
Appendices
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