Abstracts
Résumé
L’objectif de cet article est de contribuer à la réflexion sur la typologie des violences politiques et du terrorisme. Une voie délaissée par le champ, y compris par la recherche théorique. Le but est de marginaliser les dilemmes clivants et fréquents du champ, notamment sur la définition et la causalité du terrorisme. La typologie des violences politiques proposée est déductive. Elle évite deux faiblesses des typologies actuelles : dépendance à une définition du terrorisme et absence de lien entre violences étatiques et subétatiques. Trois critères définissent l’acte violent : mandat, intention et ciblage. La variable temps est intégrée pour une analyse dynamique des organisations violentes.
Mots-clés :
- terrorisme,
- contre-terrorisme,
- définition,
- typologie,
- théorie,
- violence politique
Abstract
This article adds to typological research on political violence and terrorism. A neglected way in the field, including by theoretical research. The goal is to marginalize frequent and divisive dilemmas in the field, especially dilemmas about definition and causes of terrorism. The proposed typology of political violence is deductive. It avoids two weaknesses of current typologies : reliance on a definition of terrorism and lack of link between state and non-state violence. The violent organization is characterized by three criteria : who, why and how ? It integrates time variable to allow dynamic analysis of violent organizations.
Keyword:
- terrorism,
- counterterrorism,
- definition,
- typology,
- theory,
- political violence
Resumen
Este artículo contribuye a la reflexión sobre la tipología de la violencia política y del terrorismo. Una vía olvidada por el campo, incluso en su faceta teórica. El objetivo es el de marginalizar los frecuentes dilemas que dividen el campo, principalmente en lo que respecta a la definición y las causas del terrorismo. La tipología de las violencias políticas propuesta es deductiva. Y evita dos puntos débiles de las tipologías actuales : la dependencia de una definición de terrorismo y la ausencia de un vínculo entre violencia estatal y subestatal. Así, tres criterios definen al acto violento : mandato, intención y objetivo. La variable temporal es integrada a través del análisis de la dinámica de las organizaciones violentas.
Palabras clave:
- terrorismo,
- contra-terrorismo,
- definición,
- tipología,
- teoría,
- violencia política
Appendices
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