Abstracts
Résumé
La politique étrangère du président Obama est-elle fondée sur une « grande stratégie » ou sur une « doctrine » ? Cette question est étudiée ici par une analyse critique de discours appliquée aux débats actuels aux États-Unis, notamment celui entre universitaires et experts de think tanks américains. Nous avons identifié trois réponses possibles, variant selon la définition attribuée aux concepts de « grande stratégie » et de « doctrine » – celle des hégémonistes, des internationalistes et des néo-isolationnistes. Sur la base de l’approche des internationalistes, nous avons ensuite cherché à déterminer l’existence d’une nouvelle grande stratégie de « comprehensive engagement ». Cette stratégie semble être fondée sur trois idées principales qui seraient au coeur de la politique étrangère d’Obama : l’idée d’un leadership américain « multipartenaire », le concept du « smart power » et la doctrine de la « force nécessaire » liée à la notion de « guerre juste ».
Mots-clés:
- États-Unis,
- Obama,
- politique étrangère,
- grande stratégie,
- doctrine
Abstract
Does President Obama’s foreign policy rest upon a “grand strategy” or a “doctrine”? That question is examined here in the light of a critical discourse analysis applied to the current US foreign policy debates, especially the one nourished by university researchers and think tank-affiliated experts. We argue that there are at least three possible responses varying according to the definitions applied to the concepts of “grand strategy” and “doctrine” : the hegemonic one, the internationalist one and the neo-isolationist one. Following the internationalist approach, we then seek to demonstrate the existence of a new grand strategy of “comprehensive engagement”. This strategy seems to be based on three fundamental ideas that underpin Obama’s foreign policy : the idea of US “multipartner” leadership, the concept of “smart power” and the “necessary force” doctrine related to the notion of “just war”.
Keywords:
- USA,
- Obama,
- foreign policy,
- grand strategy,
- doctrine
Resumen
¿La política exterior del presidente Obama está basada en una “gran estrategia” o en una “doctrina”? El presente artículo busca responder a esta pregunta a través del análisis crítico de discurso aplicado a los debates actuales en los Estados Unidos, en particular el que tiene lugar entre académicos y expertos de think tanks estadounidenses. Tres respuestas posibles fueron identificadas las cuales varían según la definición de “gran estrategia” y de “doctrina” que se utilice: la de los hegemonistas, la de los internacionalistas o las de los neoaislacionistas. Siguiendo el enfoque internacionalista, el artículo busca comprobar la existencia de una nueva gran estrategia de “comprehensive engagement”. Dicha estrategia parece reposar sobre tres ideas principales que caracterizan la política exterior de Obama: la idea de un liderazgo estadounidense “multisocio”, el concepto de “poder inteligente” (smart power) y la doctrina de la “fuerza necesaria” asociada a la noción de “guerra justa”.
Palabras clave:
- Estados Unidos,
- Obama,
- política exterior,
- gran estrategia,
- doctrina
Appendices
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