Abstracts
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous avançons que la souveraineté biopolitique et la théorie politique de l’état d’exception, souvent dérivées de la pensée de Carl Schmitt, ne constituent pas des indicateurs analytiques satisfaisants si nous voulons comprendre la politique de l’utilité globale des corps, du contrôle sur la vie ou le vivant et la violence des autorités abusives qui semblent aujourd’hui dominer les pratiques en relations internationales. Pour mieux apprécier la singularité du moment présent, nous suggérons qu’une approche théorique inspirée de la pensée politique de Hannah Arendt et correspondant aux politiques de violence absolue et totalitaire ainsi qu’à la terreur est nécessaire. En revisitant la pensée d’Arendt sur la violence et la politique agonale, nous reconceptualisons les pratiques souveraines en tant que « souveraineté agonale ».
Mots clés:
- souveraineté,
- biopolitique,
- Schmitt,
- souveraineté agonale,
- exception
Abstract
In this article, we argue that biopolitical sovereignty and the political theory about the state of exception, often derived from the thought of Carl Schmitt, are not sufficient analytical indicators if we seek to understand the politics of global utility of bodies, control over life or the living, and abusive authority and violence that appear to dominate International Relations practices today. To better capture the singularity of the international present, we suggest that an Arendtian political theoretical approach, more carefully tuned to the politics and policies of absolute or totalitarian violence and terror, is necessary. By revisiting Arendt’s thought about violence and political agony, we reconceptualize sovereign practices as matters of « agonal sovereignty ».
Key words:
- sovereignty,
- biopolitics,
- Schmitt,
- agonal sovereignty,
- exception
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Agamben Giorgio, 1998, Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
- Agamben Giorgio, 2005, State of Exception, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Arendt Hannah, [1959] 1998, The Human Condition, 2e éd., Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Trad. Condition de l’homme moderne, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, [1961] 1983.
- Arendt Hannah, 2005, The Promise of Politics, J. Kohn (dir.), New York, Schoken.
- Bacevich, Andrew J., 2005, The New American Militarism. How Americans Are Seduced by War, New York, Oxford University Press.
- Barnett Thomas, 2004, The Pentagon’s New Map. War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century, New York, Putnam’s Sons.
- Barnett Thomas, 2005, Blueprint for Action. A Future Worth Creating, New York, Putnam’s Sons.
- Benhabib Seyla, 2003, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield.
- Dalby Simon, « The Pentagon’s New Imperial Cartography », dans D. Gregory et A. Pred (dir.), 2007, Violent Geographies. Fear, Terror, and Political Violence, New York, Routledge : 295-308.
- Debrix François, 2007, Tabloid Terror: War, Culture, and Geopolitics, New York, Routledge.
- Deleuze Gilles et Felix Guattari, 1987, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.
- Derrida Jacques, 1997, Politics of Friendship, New York, Verso.
- Dillon Michael, 2007, The Liberal Way of War: The Martial Face of Global Politics, Londres, Routledge.
- Disch Lisa, 1994, Hannah Arendt and the Limits of Philosophy, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
- Dunn Thomas et Michael Hardt, 2000, « Sovereignty, Multitudes, Absolute Democracy: A Discussion between Michael Hardt and Thomas Dumm about Hardt and Negri’s Empire », Theory & Event, vol. 4, no 3. Consulté sur Internet (muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/toc/archive.html#4.3).
- Foucault Michel, 1979, Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison, New York, Vintage Books.
- Foucault Michel, 1988, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, New York, Vintage Books.
- Foucault, Michel, 2003, Society Must Be Defended. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76, M. Bertani, A. Fontana et F. Ewald (dir.), New York, Picador.
- Gregory Derek, 2004, The Colonial Present. Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq, Oxford, Blackwell.
- Gregory Derek, 2007, « Vanishing Points. Law, Violence, and Exception in the Global War Prison », dans D. Gregory et A. Pred (dir.), Violent Geographies. Fear, Terror, and Political Violence, New York, Routledge : 205-236.
- Gregory Derek et Allan Pred (dir.), 2007, Violent Geographies. Fear, Terror, and Political Violence, New York, Routledge.
- Habermas Jürgen, 1986, « Hannah Arendt’s Communications Concept of Power », dans S. Lukes (dir.), Power. Readings in Social and Political Theory, New York, New York University Press : 75-93.
- Hardt Michael et Antonio Negri, 2004, Multitude. War and Democracy in the Age of Empire, New York, Penguin.
- Harvey David, 2005, The New Imperialism, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Hirst Paul, 1999, « Carl Schmitt’s Decisionism » dans C. Mouffe (dir.), The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso : 7-17.
- Honig Bonnie, 1993, Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
- Huysmans Jef, 2006, « International Politics of Exception. Competing Visions of International Political Order between Law and Politics », Alternatives, vol. 31, no 2 : 135-165.
- Joxe Alain, 2002, Empire of Disorder, Los Angeles, Semiotext(e).
- Kalyvas Andreas, 2004, « From the Act to the Decision. Hannah Arendt and the Question of Decisionism », Political Theory, vol. 32, no 3 : 320-346.
- Kaplan Robert D., 2002, Warrior Politics. Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos, New York, Random House.
- Löwith Karl, 1995, « The Occasional Decisionism of Carl Schmitt », dans R. Wolin (dir.), Martin Heidegger and European Nihilism, New York, Columbia University Press : 137-170.
- Masters Cristina et Elizabeth Dauphinee, 2006, The Logics of Biopower and the War on Terror. Living, Dying, Surviving, New York, Palgrave.
- Mbembe Achille, 2003, « Necropolitics », Public Culture, vol. 15, no 1 : 11-40.
- Mouffe Chantal (dir.), 1999a, The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso.
- Mouffe Chantal, 1999b, « Carl Schmitt and the Paradox of Liberal Democracy », dans C. Mouffe (dir.), The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso : 38-53.
- Neal Andrew, 2004, « Cutting Off the King’s Head. Foucault’s Society Must Be Defended and the Problem of Sovereignty », Alternatives, vol. 29, no 4 : 373-398.
- Ong Aihwa, 2006, Neoliberalism as Exception. Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty, Durham, Duke University Press.
- Paye Jean-Claude, 2007, Global War on Liberty, New York, Telos Press.
- Reid Julian, 2007, The Biopolitics of the War on Terror. Life Struggles, Liberal Modernity, and the Defense of Logistical Societies, Manchester, Manchester University Press.
- Schmitt Carl, 1996, The Concept of the Political, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Schmitt Carl, 1999, « Ethic of State and Pluralistic State », dans C. Mouffe (dir.), The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso : 195-208.
- Schmitt Carl, 2005, Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Schwab George, 2005, « Introduction », dans C. Schmitt, Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, Chicago, University of Chicago Press : xxxvii-lii.
- Secor Anna, 2007, « An Unrecognizable Condition Has Arrived. Law, Violence, and the State of Exception in Turkey », dans D. Gregory et A. Pred (dir.), Violent Geographies. Fear, Terror, and Political Violence, New York, Routledge : 37-53.
- Shapiro Michael, 2004, Methods and Nations. Cultural Governance and the Indigenous Subject, New York, Routledge.
- Smith Neil, 2004, The Endgame of Globalization, New York, Routledge.
- Strauss Leo, 1996, « Notes on Carl Schmitt. The Concept of the Political », dans C. Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, Chicago, University of Chicago Press : 81-108.
- Strong Tracy, 2005, « Foreword The Sovereign and the Exception. Carl Schmitt, Politics, Theology, and Leadership », dans C. Schmitt, Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, Chicago, University of Chicago Press : vii-xxxv.
- us Army, 2003, Warrior Ethos. Consulté sur Internet (www.army.mil/warriorethos).
- Zizek Slavoj, 1999, « Carl Schmitt and the Age of Post-Politics », dans C. Mouffe (dir.), The Challenge of Carl Schmitt, Londres, Verso : 18-37.
- Villa Dana, 1996, Arendt and Heidegger : The Fate of the Political, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
- Villa, Dana, 2001, « Hannah Arendt. Modernity, Alienation, and Critique », dans R. Beiner et J. Nedelsky (dir.), Judgment, Imagination, and Politics. Themes from Kant and Arendt, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield : 287-309.