Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article porte sur le rôle des plateformes de médias sociaux (Twitter en particulier) dans la fabrique et la diffusion du discours opposé aux mesures sanitaires dans la province du Québec, durant les premiers jours de la pandémie de COVID-19, en 2020. Fondé sur une approche matérialiste et issue de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau, il analyse les récits opposés aux mesures sanitaires qui ont circulé dans la twittosphère québécoise durant les deux premières semaines d’application des mesures restrictives imposées par les autorités fédérale et provinciale. En particulier, nous montrons que la fabrique et la diffusion d’un discours opposé à ces mesures aboutissent à un syncrétisme idéologique aux contours flous qui contribue à banaliser les idées traditionnellement associées au conspirationnisme et qui visent les élites scientifiques et politiques canadiennes. L’étude, tant du discours que du dispositif qui le promeut, montre par ailleurs qu’il permet à des individus situés à la marge de la sphère publique de se transformer en influenceurs populaires, techno-entrepreneurs moraux, qui deviennent les figures de proue d’une mouvance opposée aux mesures sanitaires.
Mots-clés :
- Twitter,
- acteur-réseau,
- Canada,
- Québec,
- conspiration,
- populisme,
- techno-entrepreneurs
Abstract
This article examines the role played by social media platforms (Twitter in particular) in the fabrication and dissemination of a discourse opposing health measures in the province of Quebec during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Based on a materialist and actor-network theory approach, it analyzes the narratives opposing the measures that circulated in the Quebec Twittersphere during the first two weeks of the implementation of the restrictive measures imposed by the federal and provincial authorities. In particular, we show that the fabrication and dissemination of a discourse opposed to these measures leads to an ideological syncretism with blurred contours that contributes to the trivialization of ideas traditionally associated with conspiracism that target Canadian scientific and political elites. The study, both of the discourse and of the device that promotes it, shows how this device allows individuals on the fringe of the public sphere to transform themselves into popular influencers and moral techno-entrepreneurs who become the figureheads of a movement opposed to the sanitary measures.
Keywords:
- Twitter,
- actor-network theory,
- Canada,
- Quebec,
- conspiracy,
- populism,
- tech entrepreneurs
Resumen
Este artículo examina el papel de las plataformas de medios sociales (Twitter en particular) en la fabricación y difusión del discurso de oposición a las medidas sanitarias en la provincia de Quebec durante los primeros días de la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020. Basándose en un enfoque materialista y derivado de la teoría del actor-red, se analizan las narrativas opuestas a las medidas que circularon en la twittosfera quebequense durante las dos primeras semanas de aplicación de las medidas restrictivas impuestas por las autoridades federales y provinciales. En particular, mostramos que la fabricación y difusión de un discurso opuesto a estas medidas da lugar a un sincretismo ideológico de contornos borrosos que contribuye a la banalización de las ideas tradicionalmente asociadas al conspiracionismo y que apuntan a las élites científicas y políticas canadienses. El estudio, tanto del discurso como del dispositivo que lo promueve, muestra que se permite que individuos situados en los márgenes de la esfera pública se transformen en influenciadores populares y tecnoempresarios morales que se convierten en los mascarones de proa de un movimiento opuesto a las medidas sanitarias.
Palabras clave:
- Twitter,
- actor-red,
- teoría,
- Canadá,
- Quebec,
- conspiración,
- populismo,
- tecno-emprendedores
Appendices
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