Abstracts
Résumé
Peu d’études se sont intéressées aux entrevues d’enquête réalisées avec des adolescents alors qu’ils constituent une grande proportion des victimes d’agression sexuelle. Cette population se distingue de la population infantile sur les plans cognitif, psychologique et relationnel, ce qui peut influencer le déroulement des entrevues. Cette étude vise à comparer les entrevues d’enquête entre les enfants et les adolescents victimes d’agression sexuelle à l’égard des types de questions des enquêteurs, des types de réponses des victimes et des liens entre ces deux éléments afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique de l’entrevue. Au total, 44 transcriptions d’enfants âgés de 7 à 10 ans et d’adolescents âgés de 13 à 16 ans ont été codifiées à l’aide de grilles permettant de catégoriser les types de questions et les types de réponses. Les résultats indiquent que, contrairement aux entrevues conduites avec les enfants, les enquêteurs travaillent plus fréquemment avec les questions suggestives auprès des adolescents et ces derniers fournissent plus de réponses informatives à ce type d’énoncé. Les enquêteurs semblent avoir recours à des pratiques moins optimales avec les adolescents, ce qui pourrait nuire à la qualité du témoignage.
Mots-clés :
- Entrevues d’enquête,
- agression sexuelle,
- dynamique de l’entrevue,
- âge de l’enfant
Abstract
Even though adolescents represent a large proportion of victims of sexual abuse, few studies have focused on the investigative interviews that take place in such cases. This population differs from the child population in terms of cognition, psychology, and ability to develop relationships, which may influence the way police officers conduct interviews. To better understand the dynamics of such interviews, this study compares investigative interviews between child and adolescent victims of sexual abuse in terms of the types of questions asked by police officers, the kinds of responses by victims, and the relationship between the two. A total of 44 transcripts from children aged 7-10 years and adolescents aged 13-16 years were coded using grids to categorize question type and response given. Results suggest that, in contrast to interviews with children, police officers use more suggestive questions with adolescents and adolescents provide more informative responses to this type of statement. Police officers often seem to use less optimal practices with adolescents, which may reduce the quality of their testimony.
Keywords:
- Investigative interview,
- sexual abuse,
- interviewing process,
- children’s age
Resumen
Pocos estudios han realizado entrevistas de investigación con adolescentes, pese a que estos constituyen una gran parte de las víctimas de agresiones sexuales. Esta población se distingue de la población infantil en los planos cognitivo, psicológico y relacional, hecho que puede influenciar el desarrollo de las entrevistas. El presente estudio pretende comparar las entrevistas de investigación entre niños y adolescentes víctimas de agresión sexual en función de los tipos de preguntas de los agentes de policía, las respuestas dadas por las víctimas y las relaciones entre ambos elementos con el objetivo de obtener una mejor comprensión de la dinámica de la entrevista. Se han codificado un total de 44 transcripciones de entrevistas de niños de edades comprendidas entre 7 y 10 años y de adolescentes de entre 13 y 16 años, usando una tabla que permite clasificar los tipos de preguntas y de respuestas. Los resultados sugieren que, a diferencia de las entrevistas con niños, los agentes usan preguntas sugestivas con adolescentes de forma más frecuente y los adolescentes tienden a dar respuestas más informativas ante este tipo de enunciados. Los agentes de policía parecen recurrir a prácticas menos adecuadas con los adolescentes, hecho que pudiera impactar negativamente la calidad del testimonio.
Palabras clave:
- Entrevista de investigación,
- agresión sexual,
- dinámica de entrevista,
- edad del niño
Appendices
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