Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude porte sur la détection de l’appelant dissimulateur au service téléphonique d’urgence. Contrairement à la majorité des citoyens qui font appel à ce service, l’appelant dissimulateur ment ou omet des informations importantes pour la suite de l’enquête. Une étude antérieure ayant déjà démontré que les appelants dissimulateurs se comportent différemment des appelants sincères, les objectifs de l’étude consistent à identifier les traits du comportement verbal de l’appelant qu’on peut associer le plus nettement à la tromperie et à déterminer lesquels sont les plus faciles à repérer. L’analyse est fondée sur la comparaison de 45 appels non sincères à 40 appels sincères ; elle est menée dans une perspective interactionniste. Huit des traits testés sont corrélés avec la non-sincérité de l’appelant. Certains d’entre eux sont d’ordre interactionnel, d’autres d’ordre discursif. Les variables interactionnelles se révèlent plus difficiles à coder que les variables discursives, ce qui entraîne une différence d’évaluation parfois importante d’un analyste à l’autre. On peut construire un outil d’analyse prenant appui sur les quatre variables dont l’évaluation est la plus convergente : la clarté du motif, les pauses avant le début de la réponse à une question, les structures JE + verbe à l’imparfait et les contradictions. Un taux de prédiction globale correcte de la sincérité ou de la non-sincérité de l’appelant de 82 % peut être obtenu avec ces variables.
Mots-clés :
- Appels d’urgence,
- tromperie,
- analyse de discours,
- détection du mensonge,
- analyse interactionnelle
Abstract
This study deals with detecting callers who intentionally deceive emergency telephone services. Unlike the majority of citizens using such a service, deceitful callers lie or leave out information that is important to following up on such a call. A previous study showed that deceitful callers behave differently from sincere ones and this study attempts to identify traits in callers’ verbal behaviour that can be most clearly associated with deceit and to determine which of these traits are most readily recognized. The analysis, conducted from an interactionist perspective, was based on a comparison of 45 non-sincere and 40 sincere calls. Eight traits were correlated with caller non-sincerity. Some of these traits are interactional in nature, while others are discursive. Interactional variables proved to be more difficult to codify than discursive ones and this occasionally led to large differences in assessment between analysts. However an analysis model can be constructed on the basis of the four variables for which there was more agreement : clarity of the reason given for the call, pausing before answering a question, sentence structure in which the subject je (I) is followed by the imperfect tense (calls were conducted in French), and, finally, contradictions. An overall correct prediction rate of 82 % for caller sincerity or lack thereof can be reached using these four variables.
Keywords:
- Emergency calls,
- deceit,
- discourse analysis,
- lie detection,
- talk-in-interaction
Resumen
Este estudio trata sobre la detección de la persona que hace una llamada oculta al servicio telefónico de emergencia. Al contrario de la mayoría de los ciudadanos que llaman a este servicio, la persona que hace una llamada oculta miente u omite informaciones importantes para el futuro de una investigación. Como un estudio anterior ya demostró que quienes llaman de manera oculta se comportan de forma diferente de quienes lo hacen de forma honesta, los objetivos de este estudio consisten en identificar las características del comportamiento verbal de quien llama, y que puede ser asociado más netamente al engaño, e identificar cuáles son las más fáciles de detectar. El análisis está fundado en una comparación de 45 llamadas que no fueron honestas, con 40 llamadas que sí lo fueron ; este es conducido dentro de una perspectiva interaccionista. Ocho de las características testeadas están correlacionadas con la falta de honestidad de quien llamó. Algunas de ellas son de tipo interaccionista. Otras son de tipo discursivo. Las variables interaccionistas fueron más difícilmente codificables que las variables discursivas, lo que condujo a una diferencia de evaluación, a veces importante, de un análisis al otro. Es posible construir un útil de análisis que se sostenga en las cuatro variables cuya evaluación es más convergente : la claridad del motivo, las pausas de antes del inicio de la respuesta a una pregunta, les estructuras de tipo Yo + verbo en imperfecto, y las contradicciones. Una tasa del 82 % de predicción global correcta de la honestidad o de la falta de esta de quien llama puede ser obtenida con estas variables.
Palabras clave:
- Llamadas de emergencia,
- engaño,
- análisis de discurso,
- detección de la mentira,
- análisis interaccionista
Appendices
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