Abstracts
Résumé
Les indicateurs de récidive sont souvent utilisés pour évaluer l’efficacité des interventions réalisées par les acteurs formels du système de justice pénale. Ces études permettent de déterminer « ce qui fonctionne » pour prévenir la récidive. Par contre, elles donnent peu d’information sur les processus de désistement du crime, c’est-à-dire sur comment ces interventions contribuent à l’arrêt de la criminalité et à soutenir les désisteurs dans leurs efforts de changement. Cette étude de la portée montre que des agents de désistement formels peuvent jouer un rôle de soutien en offrant de l’aide pratique et des ressources qui tiennent compte des besoins des désisteurs et en favorisant les changements cognitifs et identitaires en donnant des rétroactions positives et des encouragements constants. Un modèle est proposé pour conceptualiser les impacts des interventions formelles sur les processus de désistement. Le contexte non volontaire, l’équilibre fragile entre les rôles légal et thérapeutique des agents formels, ainsi que la fragilité inhérente aux processus de désistement sont importants à considérer pour offrir des interventions visant à promouvoir le désistement. Des pistes pour les recherches futures ainsi que les implications pour le développement de politiques et la pratique sont discutées.
Mots-clés :
- Désistement assisté,
- désistement du crime,
- surveillance communautaire,
- intervention correctionnelle,
- désistement tertiaire
Abstract
Research usually relies on measurements of recidivism in evaluating the effectiveness of formal interventions by actors in the criminal justice system. However such studies do not provide information about desistance, i.e. how such interventions can help maintain abstinence from offending and assist desisters in their efforts to change. This scoping review shows that formal agents can support desistance by providing practical help and resources based on desisters’ needs as well as by enabling cognitive and identity shifts through sustained positive feedback and encouragement. A model is proposed to help understand the effects of formal agents on desistance processes. Recognizing the mandatory context in which interventions take place, the fragile balance between the legalistic and therapeutic roles of formal agents, and the inherent fragility of the desistance process is important in devising interventions aimed at promoting desistance. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Keywords:
- Assisted desistance,
- desistance from crime,
- community supervision,
- corrections,
- tertiary desistance
Resumen
Los indicadores de la reincidencia se utilizan frecuentemente para evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones realizadas por los actores formales del sistema de justicia penal. Estos estudios permiten identificar “lo que funciona” para prevenir la reincidencia. Sin embargo, estos brindan poca información sobre los procesos de desistimiento del crimen, es decir sobre cómo estas intervenciones contribuyen a parar la criminalidad y a sostener a los abandonantes en sus esfuerzos de cambio. Este estudio sobre el alcance, muestra que los agentes de desistimiento formales pueden jugar un rol de apoyo, ofreciendo ayuda práctica y recursos que tienen en cuenta necesidades de los abandonantes, y favorecen los cambios cognitivos e identitarios, ofreciendo retroacciones positivas y alientos constantes. Un modelo es propuesto para conceptualizar los impactos de las intervenciones formales sobre los procesos de desistimiento. El contexto es no-voluntario. Es importante tener en cuenta el frágil equilibrio entre los roles legales y terapéuticos de los actores formales, así como la fragilidad inherente a los procesos de desistimiento, para ofrecer intervenciones que busquen promover el desistimiento. Son discutidas algunas pistas para las futuras investigaciones, así como las implicaciones para el desarrollo de políticas y prácticas.
Palabras clave:
- Desistimiento asistido,
- desistimiento del crimen,
- vigilancia comunitaria,
- intervención correccional,
- desistimiento terciario
Appendices
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